Immunology and prospects of immunotherapy against malignant gliomas: humoral immunity
https://doi.org/10.17650/2313-805X-2021-8-4-21-28
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are aggressive brain tumors with limited survival rates. To date the maximum of survival benefit of conventional therapeutic options has been already reached and innovative treatment strategies, based on tumor biology are urgently needed. Generally, malignant gliomas, including glioblastoma, are immunologically “cold: neoplasms, with weak anti-tumor immune response and peritumoral inflammation, caused by reduced expression of neoantigens by tumor cells and restricted immunoreactivity of the microenvironment. The reduced immunogenicity of brain structures is conditioned by the absence of homing molecules for white blood cells on them, as well as the suppression of activated (CD178+) T cells by brain gangliosides. The cell population infiltrating malignant glioma is impoverished with cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ FOXP3–) and oppositely enriched with regulatory T cells and type 2 macrophages (M2). An effective anti-glioma immune response is resulted in increasing the total number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and the CD8+ cell content; switching the functional activity of macrophages from M2 to M1 type. Integration of immunotherapeutic technologies (vaccines and monoclonal antibodies) into treatment strategies of malignant gliomas is relevant and promising approach based on biological features of the tumor.
About the Authors
S. A. Kulyova
N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Svetlana Aleksandrovna Kuleva
68 Leningradskaya St., Pesochnyy Settlement, Saint Petersburg 197758
2 Litovskaya St., St. Petersburg 194100
K. M. Borokshinova
N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
68 Leningradskaya St., Pesochnyy Settlement, Saint Petersburg 197758
A. E. Druy
Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Ministry of Health of Russia; Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care Institute of Medical Cell Technologies
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
1 Samory Mashela St., GSP-7, Moscow 117997
22a Karl Marks St., Yekaterinburg 620026
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Kulyova S.A., Borokshinova K.M., Druy A.E. Immunology and prospects of immunotherapy against malignant gliomas: humoral immunity. Advances in Molecular Oncology. 2021;8(4):21-28. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17650/2313-805X-2021-8-4-21-28
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