Диагностический и терапевтический потенциал белков экзосом при раке молочной железы

Экзосомы представляют собой мембранные везикулы размером 30–150 нм, которые высвобождаются клетками при слиянии мультивезикулярных телец с плазматической мембраной. Отличительной чертой этих везикул является наличие в них поверхностных тетраспанинов CD9, CD63 и CD81. Семейство малых ГТфаз Rab, включая Rab27A и Rab27B, контролирует различные этапы высвобождения экзосом, в том числе транспорт мультивезикулярных телец и слияние мультивезикулярного тельца с плазматической мембраной. На сегодняшний день принято считать экзосомы основными переносчиками информации между клетками в физиологических  условиях, таких как развитие молочной железы и лактация, и при патологии, например при раке молочной железы. в обзоре рассмотрены особенности формирования, секреции и транспорта экзосом, их состав и роль в норме и при раке молочной железы, а также перспективы использования этих везикул для разработки ранней неинвазивной диагностики и повышения эффективности противоопухолевой терапии.

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