Взаимосвязь транспозонов с длинными некодирующими РНК и пептидами в канцерогенезе

Доказано, что 98 % генома человека транскрибируется. Основная часть образующихся при этом молекул после их процессинга функционирует в качестве различных молекул РНК, среди которых наиболее известны длинные некодирующие РНК (днРНК) и микроРНК. У человека выявлены 126 тыс. генов днРНК, регулирующих транскрипцию, трансляцию, модификации гистонов, образование гетерохроматина, сплайсинг, экспрессию и формирование микроРНК, а также посттранскрипционные модификации матричной РНК (мРНК). Важным свойством днРНК является взаимо- и саморегуляция образующимися при их трансляции пептидами, которые влияют также на экспрессию белок-кодирующих генов. Данное свойство может быть обусловлено происхождением днРНК от транспозонов и представляет собой консервативную эволюционную характеристику днРНК как одно из свойств при образовании новых генов для изменчивости и адаптации. Доказана роль возникших от ретроэлементов днРНК и образуемых при их процессинге микроРНК в специфической регуляции генов, участвующих в канцерогенезе. Образуемые при трансляции днРНК пептиды могут быть использованы как универсальные инструменты для таргетной терапии злокачественных новообразований. Анализ научной литературы позволил описать 21 днРНК, которая транслируется с образованием пептидов, вовлеченных в патогенез специфических опухолей. поскольку способность днРНК к саморегуляции продуктами собственной трансляции, которая характерна для всех днРНК, является также свойством транспозонов, перспективно исследование мобильных генетических элементов и их взаимосвязи с днРНК для проектирования новых терапевтических моделей.

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