Неструктурная роль цитокератинов при злокачественных новообразованиях

Цитокератины (ЦК) являются промежуточными филаментами цитоскелета эпителиальных клеток и обеспечивают специфическую  структуру и морфологию клеток, в частности апико-базальную поляризацию клеток. Отмечается определенная специфика ассоциации ЦК с разными типами эпителия. Гетерогенность ЦК, которая сопряжена с анатомической локализацией, особенно выражена в железистом эпителии. Относительная специфичность ЦК в эпителии разной локализации сохраняется в значительной степени и при его злокачественной трансформации. Благодаря этому определение спектра ЦК в опухолевых клетках является довольно эффективным инструментом нозологической диагностики карцином. Однако функция ЦК не исчерпывается обеспечением структуры клетки. Наличие/отсутствие ЦК и их количество обусловлены важнейшими процессами в нормальных и опухолевых клетках: движением/инвазией, апоптозом, пролиферацией, эпителиально-мезенхимальным переходом. Возникает вопрос: «Первична ли инициация перечисленных процессов, и тогда изменения ЦК вторичны и «пассивны», или в каких-то процессах изменения ЦК могут играть роль триггера?» Ответ на него не только имеет фундаментальное значение, но и важен для поиска способов управления указанными процессами путем воздействия на ЦК.

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