Роль ABC-транспортеров в поддержании гомеостаза, патогенезе и терапии онкологических заболеваний

ABC-транспортеры (ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters), АТФ-зависимые транспортеры – белки, играющие двоякую роль в переносе веществ через мембрану. С одной стороны, они транспортируют питательные вещества и другие молекулы внутрь клетки, поставляя необходимые нутриенты, с другой, экскретируют некоторые эндогенные и экзогенные субстраты из клетки, поддерживая их гомеостаз в организме и предотвращая агрессивные воздействия внешней среды. ABC-транспортеры, исходя из своих функций, играют большую роль в патогенезе различных метаболических нарушений. Кроме того, накоплено много данных об участии этих белков в онкогенезе за счет их вклада в инициацию, прогрессию, инвазию и метастазирование опухолей, а также в развитие фенотипа множественной лекарственной устойчивости. В настоящее время данные белки являются привлекательными терапевтическими мишенями, воздействие на которые способно существенным образом повысить эффективность противоопухолевой терапии и улучшить прогноз пациентов с онкологическими заболеваниями, в том числе рецидивирующих, метастатических и неоперабельных форм. В обзоре представлена информация о лекарственных препаратах как являющихся субстратами для ABC-транспортеров, так и оказывающих влияние на их функциональную активность, а также результаты клинических испытаний по изучению эффективности использования этих ингибиторов в практической онкологии.

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