Потенциальные возможности использования в онкологии ингибиторов обратной транскриптазы вирусов

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   В работе проанализированы статьи, посвященные изучению функционирования фермента обратной транскриптазы эндогенных повторяющихся последовательностей LINE1, механизмов действия и противоопухолевой активности ингибиторов обратной транскриптазы вирусов, имеющиеся в информационных базах биомедицинской литературы SciVerse Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science и РиНЦ (Российский индекс научного цитирования). В обзоре использована информация 140 работ, 95 и 39 из которых были опубликованы в течение 10 и 3 последних лет соответственно; 2 работы представляют собой результаты клинических исследований, а в 45 описаны противоопухолевые свойства исследуемых соединений на различных моделях in vitro и in vivo.

   Цель работы – на основании данных о функциональных свойствах фермента обратной транскриптазы эндогенных повторяющихся последовательностей LINE1 (long interspersed nuclear elements 1) проанализировать потенциальную возможность использования в онкологии ингибиторов обратной транскриптазы вирусов, представив их классификацию и основные механизмы действия.

   Около 98 % генома человека составляют повторяющиеся последовательности, в основном мобильные генетические элементы, активация которых приводит к повышению нестабильности генома. В их число входят длинные (LINE) и короткие (short interspersed nuclear element, SINE) повторяющиеся последовательности ДНК, занимающие около 45 % генома человека. Повышения уровня экспрессии этих последовательностей в геноме выявлены при многих формах злокачественных новообразований. их транспозиция происходит благодаря экспрессии кодируемой LINE1 обратной транскриптазы, гомологичной обратной транскриптазе вирусов. к настоящему времени разработаны и успешно применяются в клинической практике ингибиторы обратной транскриптазы вирусов нуклеозидной и ненуклеозидной структур. Эти препараты демонстрируют ингибирующее действие как на обратную транскриптазу LINE1, так и на теломеразу, которая обеспечивает способность опухолевой клетки преодолевать репликативное старение. Благодаря этим свойствам, данные соединения, как ожидается, должны проявлять собственную противоопухолевую активность и повышать чувствительность опухолевых клеток к проводимой терапии злокачественных новообразований, что экспериментально подтверждается на моделях злокачественных новообразований in vitro и in vivo. Таким образом, использование в комбинированной терапии ингибиторов обратной транскриптазы представляется целесообразным как для предотвращения дальнейших перестроек генома, вызываемых LINE1, так и для подавления выживаемости опухолевых клеток путем ингибирования теломеразной активности.

Об авторах

О. А. Власова

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: olya_vlasov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1498-849X

Ольга Александровна Власова

115522; Каширское шоссе, 24; Москва

Россия

И. А. Антонова

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России

Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-3482-8954

115522; Каширское шоссе, 24; Москва

Россия

Х. М. Магомедова

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России; Институт тонких химических технологий им. М.В. Ломоносова ФГБОУ ВО «МИРЭА – Российский технологический университет»

Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-8514-3859

115522; Каширское шоссе, 24; 119671; пр-кт Вернадского, 86; Москва

Россия

М. А. Усолкина

Институт тонких химических технологий им. М.В. Ломоносова ФГБОУ ВО «МИРЭА – Российский технологический университет»

Email: fake@neicon.ru

119671; пр-кт Вернадского, 86; Москва

Россия

К. И. Кирсанов

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»

Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8599-6833

115522; Каширское шоссе, 24; 117198; ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6; Москва 

Россия

Г. А. Белицкий

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России

Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3167-7204

115522; Каширское шоссе, 24; Москва

Россия

Т. Т. Валиев

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России

Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1469-2365

115522; Каширское шоссе, 24; 119048; ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2;  Москва 

Россия

М. Г. Якубовская

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России

Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9710-8178

115522; Каширское шоссе, 24; Москва

Россия

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