Advances in Molecular OncologyAdvances in Molecular OncologyУспехи молекулярной онкологии2313-805X2413-3787Publishing House ABV Press11310.17650/2313-805X-2017-4-4-8-16REVIEW ARTICLESОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИMOLECULAR GENETIC ASPECTS OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA PATHOGENESIS AND CURRENT OPTIONS OF DRUG THERAPYМОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПАТОГЕНЕЗА ГЕПАТОЦЕЛЛЮЛЯРНОЙ КАРЦИНОМЫ И СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЙ ТЕРАПИИMakarovaA. S.МакароваА. С.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478

Анна Сергеевна Макарова.

115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

a.makarova.work@gmail.comResearch Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of RussiaНИИ канцерогенеза ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России15122017448160212201702122017Copyright ©; 2017, Makarova A.S.Copyright ©; 2017, Макарова А.С.2017Makarova A.S.Макарова А.С.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/113

Liver cancer is widespread neoplasm type that ranks second among the causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main form of liver cancer generally detected at advanced stages in most patients. HCC development is a result of accumulation of various somatic molecular alterations. Different HCC etiology and chronic liver diseases cause numerous and heterogeneous genetic and epigenetic aberrations that determine diverse gene expression alterations in HCC. Molecular heterogeneity limits the efficacy of targeted therapy that is currently the essential approach for advanced stage HCC treatment.

The present review considers the main genetic and epigenetic alterations detected in HCC, results of transcriptomic investigations and systems biology analysis of the data. Up-to-date information on application of targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors in HCC therapy are discussed.

Опухоли печени являются одними из наиболее распространенных типов злокачественных новообразований и занимают 2-е место по числу летальных исходов. Гепатоцеллюлярная карцинома (ГК) – основная форма опухолей печени, которая выявляется чаще всего на поздних стадиях. Развитие ГК – результат накопления разнообразных соматических молекулярных нарушений. Хронические заболевания печени и другие этиологические факторы развития ГК приводят к многочисленным и гетерогенным генетическим и эпигенетическим нарушениям, определяющим разнообразные изменения экспрессии генов в ГК. Молекулярная гетерогенность ограничивает эффективность таргетной терапии, которая является основным способом лечения ГК на поздних стадиях заболевания.

В настоящем обзоре рассматриваются основные генетические и эпигенетические нарушения, наблюдаемые в ГК; приведены сведения об исследованиях транскриптома ГК и способах системно-биологического анализа данных. Представлена актуальная информация о вариантах таргетной терапии и иммунотерапии данного типа опухолей.hepatocarcinomanext-generation sequencingGSEASNEAtargeted therapyimmunotherapyгепатокарциномасеквенирование нового поколенияGSEASNEAтаргетная терапияиммунотерапия1. GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2015;385(9963):117–71. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31833-0. PMID: 28919115.GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. 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