Advances in Molecular OncologyAdvances in Molecular OncologyУспехи молекулярной онкологии2313-805X2413-3787Publishing House ABV Press28310.17650/2313-805X-2020-7-3-19-26REVIEW ARTICLESОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИRole of microRNAs in neuroendocrine neoplasms of the stomachРоль микроРНК при нейроэндокринных новообразованиях желудкаhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1852-4972PeregorodievI. N.ПерегородиевИ. Н.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia

Иван Николаевич Перегородиев

Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

ivan.peregorodiev@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1615-3928VinokurovaS. V.ВинокуроваС. В.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia

Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

BohyanV. Yu.БохянВ. Ю.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia

Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4550-2069DelektorskayaV. V.ДелекторскаяВ. В.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia

Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

MalikhovaO. A.МалиховаО. А.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia

Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

GorbunovaV. A.ГорбуноваВ. А.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia

Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

SakibovB. I.СакибовБ. И.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia

Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4793-6063ElkinD. S.ЕлкинД. С.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia

Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-8203StilidiI. S.СтилидиИ. С.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia

Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России15092020732311202023112020Copyright ©; 2020, Peregorodiev I.N., Vinokurova S.V., Bohyan V.Y., Delektorskaya V.V., Malikhova O.A., Gorbunova V.A., Sakibov B.I., Elkin D.S., Stilidi I.S.Copyright ©; 2020, Перегородиев И.Н., Винокурова С.В., Бохян В.Ю., Делекторская В.В., Малихова О.А., Горбунова В.А., Сакибов Б.И., Елкин Д.С., Стилиди И.С.2020Peregorodiev I.N., Vinokurova S.V., Bohyan V.Y., Delektorskaya V.V., Malikhova O.A., Gorbunova V.A., Sakibov B.I., Elkin D.S., Stilidi I.S.Перегородиев И.Н., Винокурова С.В., Бохян В.Ю., Делекторская В.В., Малихова О.А., Горбунова В.А., Сакибов Б.И., Елкин Д.С., Стилиди И.С.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/283

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of rare epithelial tumors that arise from cells with a neuroendocrine phenotype. NENs are found in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas – 60 % of all localities. The incidence of gastric NENs is about 9 % of all neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and 0.3 % of all stomach tumors. Stomach neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are classified into three clinico-pathological types, based on etiology, pathogenesis and morphology. There are also separate neuroendocrine cancers: small- and large-cell. The prognosis and approach to treatment of various types of gastric NENs differs significantly. Modern methods of instrumental diagnostics, immunohistochemical methods of morphological research, along with light microscopy, do not always allow us to accurately assess the malignant potential of a tumor and individualize the treatment process. One of the promising directions in the study of NETs is to determine the molecular mechanism underlying their development, in particular the role of microRNAs. This direction can open a new vector of understanding the pathogenesis, determining the prognosis of the disease, as well as finding new application points for the drug treatment of NETs. MicroRNAs are a class of short non-coding RNA molecules (18–25 nucleotides). MicroRNAs can be involved in the regulation of all major cellular processes, including proliferation and differentiation, metabolism, signaling pathways, and apoptosis. A study of microRNA expression in tissues revealed tumor-specific microRNAs. In contrast to a number of other malignant tumors, microRNA expression in patients diagnosed with NENs is poorly understood. MicroRNA-222 and microRNA-202 are among the few microRNAs that have been demonstrated in the NETs of the stomach.

Нейроэндокринные новообразования (НЭН) – гетерогенная группа редких эпителиальных опухолей, возникающих из клеток с нейроэндокринным фенотипом. Чаще всего НЭН встречаются в органах желудочно-кишечного тракта и поджелудочной железы – 60 % от НЭН всех локализаций. Частота встречаемости НЭН желудка составляет около 9 % от всех нейроэндокринных опухолей (НЭО) желудочно-кишечного тракта и 0,3 % от всех опухолей желудка. С учетом этиологии, патогенеза и морфологической картины НЭН желудка классифицируют на 3 клинико-морфологических типа. Также отдельно выделяют нейроэндокринный рак: мелко- и крупноклеточный. Прогноз и подход к лечению различных типов НЭН желудка существенно отличаются. Современные методы инструментальной диагностики, иммуногистохимические методы морфологического исследования наряду со световой микроскопией не всегда позволяют точно оценивать злокачественный потенциал опухоли и индивидуализировать процесс лечения. Одним из перспективных направлений в изучении НЭО является определение молекулярного механизма, лежащего в основе их развития, в частности роли микроРНК. Данное направление может открыть новый вектор понимания патогенеза, определения прогноза заболевания, а также нахождения новых точек приложения для лекарственного лечения НЭО. МикроРНК – класс коротких (18–25 нуклеотидов) некодирующих молекул РНК. МикроРНК могут быть вовлечены в регуляцию всех основных клеточных процессов, включая пролиферацию и дифференцировку, метаболизм, сигнальные пути и апоптоз. Исследование экспрессии микроРНК в тканях выявило опухолеспецифичные микроРНК. В отличие от ряда других злокачественных опухолей, экспрессия микроРНК у больных с диагнозом НЭН недостаточно изучена. Одними из немногих микроРНК, значение которых в НЭО желудка было продемонстрировано, являются микроРНК-222 и микроРНК-202.

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