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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Успехи молекулярной онкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-805X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">438</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2313-805X-2022-9-2-43-57</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular heterogeneity and analysis of the long-term survival of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярная гетерогенность и анализ отдаленной выживаемости пациентов с гастроинтестинальными стромальными опухолями</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4767-6983</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazurenko</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазуренко</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Natalia Nikolaevna Mazurenko</bold></p><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Наталья Николаевна Мазуренко</bold></p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>nnmazurenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6169-2723</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yugay</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Югай</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3388-7547</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsyganova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-4696</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikulin</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никулин</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-2923</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arkhiri</surname><given-names>P. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Архири</surname><given-names>П. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2547-4846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anurova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анурова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3852-3969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-8203</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stilidi</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стилиди</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N. N. Blokhin National Medical Russian Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-05-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-06-25"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-06-25"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Mazurenko N.N., Yugay V.V., Tsyganova I.V., Nikulin M.P., Arkhiri P.P., Anurova O.A., Kozlov N.A., Stilidi I.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Мазуренко Н.Н., Югай В.В., Цыганова И.В., Никулин М.П., Архири П.П., Анурова О.А., Козлов Н.А., Стилиди И.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mazurenko N.N., Yugay V.V., Tsyganova I.V., Nikulin M.P., Arkhiri P.P., Anurova O.A., Kozlov N.A., Stilidi I.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мазуренко Н.Н., Югай В.В., Цыганова И.В., Никулин М.П., Архири П.П., Анурова О.А., Козлов Н.А., Стилиди И.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/438">https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/438</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract the character diagnostic feature of which is CD117 (KIT) expression. GISTs are clinically diverse and have different genetic alterations that may have predictive and prognostic significance.</p><p><bold>Aim</bold> – the study of clinical, morphological and genetic features of GISTs to assess the overall survival (OS) of patients with various profiles of genetic disorders for elucidation the factors contributing to prognosis.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> A total 244 GIST patients who received combined treatment were enrolled in the study and their clinical characteristics and mutational status of <italic>KIT, PDGFRA, BRAF</italic> were analyzed. SDH-deficient GISTs were detected using IHC-analysis of SDHB expression.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> Stromal tumors developed in stomach (50 %), small intestine (37.7 %), colon or rectum (8.6 %), esophagus (0.4 %) and extraorganically (EGIST, 5.7 %). Overall survival correlated with gastric site (<italic>p</italic> = 0.005), tumor size &lt;10 cm (<italic>p</italic> = 0,0001) and mitotic count HPF&lt; 10 / 50 (<italic>p</italic> = 0.007). <italic>KIT</italic> mutations were found in 168 (68.9 %) and <italic>PDGFRA</italic> – in 31 (12.1 %) of GISTs, 14 novel mutations were detected. Mutations in <italic>KIT</italic> exon 11 were found in 140 (57.4 %) tumors, 10-year OS, 51 %, median 124 months. Patients with deletions had lower OS than patients with substitutions or duplications in <italic>KIT</italic> exon 11 (<italic>p</italic> = 0,023). The lowest OS was in patients with primary mutations in <italic>KIT</italic> exons 13 or 17 (median 28 months) and duplications in <italic>KIT </italic>exon 9 (median 71 months). There was a low OS of young patients with homozygous <italic>KIT</italic> mutations, mutations that begin in intron and two simultaneous <italic>KIT</italic> mutations. GISTs with <italic>PDGFRA</italic> mutations were located in stomach and had no metastases, 10-year OS, 63 %, median 175 months. <italic>KIT / PDGFRA</italic> mutations were not observed in 45 (18.4 %) patients (wild-type GIST), 10-year OS, 59 %, median 250 months. Wild-type GISTs with <italic>BRAF</italic>, NF1 mutations and SDH deficiency were detected. The better OS was demonstrated by patients with BRAFV600E (10-year ОS, 84 %, median 97 months) and SDH deficiency (10-year and 15-year OS, 82 %).</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Genetic analysis is necessary to clarify GIST prognosis and predict the effectiveness of targeted therapy. The clinical, morphological and genetic diversity of GISTs was confirmed. Wild-type GISTs with <italic>BRAF</italic> mutations and SDHdeficiency were identified in the Russian population for the first time. The long-term 10- и 15-year OS of GIST patients were evaluated.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Гастроинтестинальные стромальные опухоли (ГИСО) – наиболее частые мезенхимальные опухоли желудочно-кишечного тракта, диагностической особенностью которых, является экспрессия СD117 (KIT). Гастроинтестинальные стромальные опухоли отличаются широким спектром генетических нарушений, которые имеют предиктивное и прогностическое значение.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – изучение клинико-морфологических и генетических характеристик ГИСО для оценки общей выживаемости (ОВ) пациентов с различным профилем генетических нарушений.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проанализированы клинико-морфологические особенности и мутационный статус <italic>KIT, PDGFRA</italic> и <italic>BRAF</italic> у 244 пациентов с ГИСО, получавших комбинированное лечение. Дефицит SDH в ГИСО определяли по экспрессии SDHB с помощью иммуногистохимического анализа.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Стромальные опухоли встречались в желудке (50 %), тонкой кишке (37,7 %), толстой кишке (8,6 %), пищеводе (0,4 %) и экстраорганно (ЭГИСО; 5,7 %). Выживаемость выше при локализации опухоли в желудке (<italic>p</italic> = 0,005), коррелирует с размером опухоли (<italic>p</italic> = 0,0001) и количеством митозов (<italic>p</italic> = 0,007). Мутации в 9, 11, 13 и 17‑м экзонах <italic>KIT</italic> выявлены в 168 (68,9 %) ГИСО, мутации в 12 и 18‑м экзонах <italic>PDGFRA</italic> – в 31 (12,1 %) ГИСО, обнаружены 14 новых мутаций. В 140 (57,4 %) ГИСО выявлены мутации в 11-м экзоне <italic>KIT</italic>, 10-летняя ОВ пациентов составила 51 %, медиана 124 мес. Общая выживаемость пациентов с делециями ниже (<italic>p</italic> = 0,023), чем с заменами и дупликациями в 11-м экзоне <italic>KIT</italic>. Самая низкая ОВ отмечена у пациентов с первичными мутациями в 13-м или 17-м экзонах <italic>KIT</italic> (медиана 28 мес) и дупликациями в 9-мм экзоне <italic>KIT</italic> (медиана 71 мес). Низкие показатели ОВ выявлены у молодых пациентов с гомозиготными мутациями <italic>KIT</italic>, мутациями, начинающимися в интроне, и двумя одновременными мутациями <italic>KIT</italic>. Опухоли с мутациями <italic>PDGFRA</italic> располагались в желудке, не метастазировали, 10-летняя ОВ составила 63 %, медиана 175 мес. Мутации <italic>KIT / PDGFRA</italic> не обнаружены у 45 пациентов (ГИСО дикого типа); 10-летняя ОВ составила 59 %, медиана 250 мес. Выявлены ГИСО дикого типа с мутациями <italic>BRAF, NF1</italic>, дефицитом SDH. Лучшие показатели ОВ отмечены у пациентов с мутацией BRAFV600E (10-летняя ОВ – 84 %; медиана 97 мес) и с дефицитом SDH (10- и 15-летняя ОВ – 82 %).</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Генетический анализ необходим для уточнения прогноза ГИСО и предсказания эффективности таргетной терапии. Подтверждено клинико-морфологическое и генетическое многообразие ГИСО, впервые в российской популяции выявлены ГИСО дикого типа с мутациями <italic>BRAF</italic> и дефицитом SDHB, впервые оценена 10- и 15-летняя ОВ пациентов с комбинированным лечением.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gastrointestinal stromal tumors</kwd><kwd>KIT</kwd><kwd>PDGFRA</kwd><kwd>BRAF mutations</kwd><kwd>SDH-deficiency</kwd><kwd>overall survival</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гастроинтестинальные стромальные опухоли</kwd><kwd>мутации KIT</kwd><kwd>PDGFRA</kwd><kwd>BRAF</kwd><kwd>дефицит SDH</kwd><kwd>общая выживаемость</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Miettinen M., Lasota J. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors–definition, clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic features and differential diagnosis. 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