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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Успехи молекулярной онкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-805X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">440</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2313-805X-2022-9-2-66-78</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Resistance of breast cancer cells to all-trans retinoic acid is associated with a decrease in the basal level of nuclear receptor <italic>RARα</italic> expression and induction of cytochrome <italic>CYP26A1</italic> and <italic>CYP26B1</italic> expression</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Резистентность клеток рака молочной железы к полностью трансретиноевой кислоте ассоциирована со снижением базального уровня экспрессии ядерного рецептора <italic>RARα</italic> и индукции экспрессии цитохромов <italic>CYP26A1</italic> и <italic>CYP26В1</italic></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7628-8616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Enikeev</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еникеев</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0766-163X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Komelkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комельков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Andrey Viktorovich Komelkov</bold></p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Андрей Викторович Комельков</bold></p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>komelkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Elkina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елкина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2778-7870</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akselrod</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аксельрод</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1660-0898</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmichev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмичев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8837-7969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tchevkina</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чевкина</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Carcinogenesis, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт канцерогенеза ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр&#13;
онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-05-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-06-26"><day>26</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-06-26"><day>26</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Enikeev A.D., Komelkov A.V., Elkina N.V., Akselrod M.E., Kuzmichev S.A., Tchevkina E.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Еникеев А.Д., Комельков А.В., Елкина Н.В., Аксельрод М.Е., Кузьмичев С.А., Чевкина Е.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Enikeev A.D., Komelkov A.V., Elkina N.V., Akselrod M.E., Kuzmichev S.A., Tchevkina E.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Еникеев А.Д., Комельков А.В., Елкина Н.В., Аксельрод М.Е., Кузьмичев С.А., Чевкина Е.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/440">https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/440</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Retinoic acid (RA) is a key regulator of cell differentiation and a critical player in such systemic processes in the body as embryonic development, immune system cell maturation and functioning, tissue remodeling and several others. This compound displays an antitumor activity due to its ability to stimulate differentiation, induce apoptosis  and inhibit proliferation of malignant cells. The rapid acquisition of resistance to RA and its analogues by solid tumor cells is one of the main problems limiting the widespread use of retinoids in the therapy of malignant neoplasms. The mechanisms of RA-resistance are still poorly understood.</p><p><bold>The study objective</bold> – assessment of the relationship between the basal expression level of the nuclear RARα receptor and the RA-induced expression of the cytochromes <italic>CYP26A1</italic>and <italic>CYP26B1</italic> with the resistance of breast cancer cells to the action of all-trans-retinoic acid.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Cell lines were cultured, the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to the action of fully trans-retinoic acid, RNA isolation, reverse transcription reaction and real-time polymerase chain reaction were analyzed).</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> In present study, using an experimental model represented by 9 breast cancer cell lines with different level of sensitivity to RA, we showed that the expression of the RA nuclear receptor <italic>RARα</italic>, as well as the level of mRNA induction of <italic>CYP26A1</italic> and <italic>CYP26B1</italic> cytochromes in response to RA treatment correlate with RA-sensitivity.</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Thus, a decrease of <italic>RARα</italic> expression as well as the reduced ability to catabolize RA are factors associated with RA-resistance of breast cancer cells.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Ретиноевая кислота (РК) является одним из ключевых регуляторов дифференцировки клеток и важнейшим участником таких системных процессов в организме, как эмбриональное развитие, созревание и функционирование клеток иммунной системы, ремоделирование тканей и ряд других. Это соединение обладает противоопухолевой активностью благодаря своей способности стимулировать дифференцировку, индуцировать апоптоз и подавлять пролиферацию клеток злокачественных новообразований. Быстрое приобретение резистентности к РК и ее аналогам клетками солидных опухолей является одной из основных проблем, ограничивающих широкое применение естественных и синтетических ретиноидов в терапии злокачественных новообразований. Механизмы развития данной резистентности остаются до сих пор малопонятными.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценка связи уровня базальной экспрессии ядерного рецептора <italic>RARα</italic> и РК-индуцированной экспрессии цитохромов <italic>CYP26A1</italic> и <italic>CYP26B1</italic> с резистентностью клеток рака молочной железы к действию полностью трансретиноевой кислоты.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведены культивирование клеточных линий, анализ чувствительности клеток рака молочной железы к действию полностью трансретиноевой кислоты, выделение РНК, обратная транскрипция и полимеразная цепная реакция в реальном времени.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В данной работе с использованием экспериментальной модели, включающей 9 линий клеток рака молочной железы, различающихся по уровню чувствительности к РК, мы показали, что экспрессия матричной РНК гена ядерного рецептора РК, <italic>RARα</italic>, а также уровень индукции матричной РНК генов цитохромов <italic>CYP26A1</italic> и <italic>CYP26В1 </italic>в ответ на обработку РК коррелируют с РК-чувствительностью клеток.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Таким образом, снижение экспрессии <italic>RARα</italic> и способности катаболизировать РК являются факторами, ассоциированными с РК-резистентностью клеток рака молочной железы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>all-trans retinoic acid, breast cancer, RARα, CYP26A1, CYP26B1, resistance to retinoic acid</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полностью трансретиноевая кислота</kwd><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>RARα</kwd><kwd>CYP26A1</kwd><kwd>CYP26B1</kwd><kwd>резистентность к ретиноевой кислоте</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project № 19-015-00027A).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">сследование выполнено при поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (проект № 19-015-00027A).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Rhinn M., Dolle P. 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