Advances in Molecular OncologyAdvances in Molecular OncologyУспехи молекулярной онкологии2313-805X2413-3787Publishing House ABV Press46310.17650/2313-805X-2022-9-3-15-23REVIEW ARTICLESОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИProspects for the use of statins in the treatment of neurofibromatosis type 1Перспективы применения статинов в лечении нейрофиброматоза 1-го типаhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4091-382XMustafinR. N.МустафинР. Н.
Russian Federation

Rustam N. Mustafin.

3 Lenina St., Ufa 450008.

Мустафин Рустам Наилевич.

450008 Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3.

ruji79@mail.ruBashkir State Medical University, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России150920229315230710202207102022Copyright ©; 2022, Mustafin R.N.Copyright ©; 2022, Мустафин Р.Н.2022Mustafin R.N.Мустафин Р.Н.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/463

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is caused by a germline mutation in the NF1 gene encoding the tumor suppressor neurofibromin. Deficiency of this protein causes hyperactivation of Ras proto-oncogenes. This leads to the development of tumors. Ras proteins undergo prenylation, which is inhibited by inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A reductase. Therefore, statins can be proposed as anticancer drugs in the complex treatment of neurofibromatosis type 1. Clinical studies have proven the effectiveness of statins in the treatment of sporadic malignant neoplasms, in the pathogenesis of which mutations in the NF1 gene play an important role. Various pathways of the influence of these drugs on the development of tumors are described, including the activation of autophagy, ferroptosis, suppression of proliferation, stimulation of antitumor immunity, and effects on the microenvironment of neoplasms. Data on the effect of statins on the development and progression of neurofibromas in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 are not presented in the scientific literature. However, it was found that statins enhance the effect of anticancer drugs, the use of which in monotherapy against malignant neoplasms associated with neurofibromatosis is ineffective. In this regard, despite the inefficiency of statins in cognitive disorders in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1, the introduction of these drugs into clinical practice in combination with other drugs could provide a pleiotropic effect, affect various links in the pathogenesis of the disease. 

Нейрофиброматоз 1-го типа развивается вследствие герминальной мутации в гене NF1, кодирующем онкосупрессор нейрофибромин. дефицит данного белка вызывает гиперактивацию протоонкогенов Ras, что ведет к развитию опухолей. Белки Ras подвергаются пренилированию, которое подавляют ингибиторы 3-гидрокси-3-метилглутарил-коэнзим А редуктазы. поэтому они могут быть предложены как противоопухолевые препараты в комплексном лечении нейрофиброматоза 1-го типа. в клинических исследованиях была доказана эффективность статинов в терапии спорадических злокачественных новообразований, в патогенезе которых большую роль играют мутации в гене NF1. Описаны различные пути влияния этих препаратов на развитие опухолей, включая активацию аутофагии, ферроптоза, подавление пролиферации, стимуляцию противоопухолевого иммунитета и воздействие на микроокружение неоплазм. данных о воздействии статинов на развитие и прогрессирование нейрофибром у больных нейрофиброматозом 1-го типа в научной литературе не представлено. Однако выявлено, что они усиливают действие противоопухолевых препаратов, использование которых в монорежиме при ассоциированных с нейрофиброматозом злокачественных неоплазмах нерезультативно. в связи с этим, несмотря на неэффективность статинов при когнитивных расстройствах у пациентов с нейрофиброматозом 1-го типа, внедрение этих лекарственных средств в клиническую практику в комбинации с другими препаратами могло бы обеспечить плейотропный эффект, воздействовать на различные звенья патогенеза заболевания.

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