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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Успехи молекулярной онкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-805X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">475</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2313-805X-2022-9-4-41-49</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Expression of transcription, growth factors, steroid hormone receptors, LC3B in papillary thyroid cancer tissue, association with prognosis and risk of recurrence</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экспрессия транскрипционных, ростовых факторов, рецепторов стероидных гормонов, LC3B в ткани папиллярного рака щитовидной железы и связь с прогнозом заболевания и риском рецидивирования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5269-736X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Spirina</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спирина</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila Viktorovna Spirina</p><p>2 Moskovsky Tract, Tomsk 634050</p><p>5 Cooperative Lane, Tomsk 634009</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Викторовна Спирина</p><p>634050 Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p><p>634009 Томск, переулок Кооперативный, 5</p></bio><email>spirinalvl@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2964-9041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovaleva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Moskovsky Tract, Tomsk 634050</p><p>5 Cooperative Lane, Tomsk 634009</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>634050 Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p><p>634009 Томск, переулок Кооперативный, 5</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2974-4778</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chizhevskaya</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чижевская</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Moskovsky Tract, Tomsk 634050</p><p>5 Cooperative Lane, Tomsk 634009</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>634050 Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p><p>634009 Томск, переулок Кооперативный, 5</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0907-4615</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondakova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондакова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5 Cooperative Lane, Tomsk 634009</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>634009 Томск, переулок Кооперативный, 5</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3651-0665</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Choynzonov</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чойнзонов</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Moskovsky Tract, Tomsk 634050</p><p>5 Cooperative Lane, Tomsk 634009</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>634050 Томск, Московский тракт, 2</p><p>634009 Томск, переулок Кооперативный, 5</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Cancer Research Institute of the Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии Томского национального исследовательского медицинского центра Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-16"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-12-16"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Spirina L.V., Kovaleva I.V., Chizhevskaya S.Y., Kondakova I.V., Choynzonov E.L.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Спирина Л.В., Ковалева И.В., Чижевская С.Ю., Кондакова И.В., Чойнзонов Е.Л.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Spirina L.V., Kovaleva I.V., Chizhevskaya S.Y., Kondakova I.V., Choynzonov E.L.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Спирина Л.В., Ковалева И.В., Чижевская С.Ю., Кондакова И.В., Чойнзонов Е.Л.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/475">https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/475</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction</bold>. Biological characteristics of the tumor play a major role in it’s development and progression. Currently, using the molecular markers aimed at resolving the problems in clinical oncology is becoming more important, including thyroid carcinomas. Heterogeneous contradictory data had been accumulated to date showing the ability of tumors genetic and biological parameters to predict the diseases outcome.<bold>Aim</bold>. To investigate prognostic value of transcription, growth factors, components of AKT / mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy protein LC3B in patients with papillary thyroid cancer in relation to recurrences and overall survival.<bold>Materials and methods</bold>. The study included 65 patients with T1–4N0–1M0 papillary thyroid cancer. According to the criteria of the American Thyroid Association (ATA) (2015), patients were divided into groups of patients with high, low and intermediate risk. 30 patients were classified as low risk, 23 as intermediate risk, and 12 as high risk. The BRAFV600 mutation was identified in 18 samples. The expression of transcription factors (p65 and p50 subunits of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB p65, NF-κB p50), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), hypoxia-inducible factor 2 (HIF-2), growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), receptor VEGF (VEGF-2), carbonic anhydrases of type 9 (CAIX)), AKT, c-RAF, GSK- 3β, p70S6, mammalian target of rapamycin (m-TOR), PDK, PTEN, 4E-BP1 in the tumor was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The BRAFV600 mutation was investigated using real-time allele-specific PCR. The content of the LC3B protein was examined using the Western Blot method.<bold>Results</bold>. As a result of the study, there is an increase in c-RAF expression with an increase in risk from low to high, which was accompanied by a decrease in 4E-BP1 expression. c-RAF mRNA levels were increased 3.0- and 2.8‑fold in the intermediate and high-risk groups, respectively, compared to low risk patients. There is a change in the expression of Brn-3α depending on the relapse risk. The maximum mRNA levels were found in patients with intermediate risk, where the figure was 4.3 and 6.2 times higher than in patients with low and high risk, respectively. An increase in LC3B expression by 56.0 and 28.0 times was shown in the tumor tissue of patients with intermediate risk compared with patients with low and high risk. This fact corresponds with an increasing content of the protein itself, which was higher in patients with intermediate risk. Patients with a negative BRAF gene status had an intermediate and high risk of tumor recurrence. The prognostic significance of the estrogen receptor β (ER-β) and NF-κB p50 expression level had been revealed in relation with relapse-free and overall survival of patients with papillary thyroid cancer.<bold>Conclusion</bold>. As a result of the study, additional molecular markers were found in order to for predict the tumors recurrence risk. The study showed the significance of ERβ and NF-κB p50 expression levels for predicting disease outcomes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. В процессе канцерогенеза в опухолевых клетках возникают различные генетические и эпигенетические нарушения, выявление которых позволяет прогнозировать дальнейшее развитие заболевания и предсказывать развитие химиорезистентности опухоли. В настоящее время использование молекулярных маркеров в решении проблем клинической онкологии (в том числе опухолей щитовидной железы) приобретает все большее значение. На сегодняшний день накоплены противоречивые данные о роли генетических и биологических параметров опухоли в прогнозировании исхода заболевания.<bold>Цель исследования</bold> – изучение прогностической значимости транскрипционных, ростовых факторов, компонентов сигнального каскада AKT / mTOR и белка аутофагии LC3B у больных с папиллярным раком щитовидной железы в отношении риска развития рецидивов заболевания и общей выживаемости.<bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В исследование включены 65 пациентов с папиллярным раком щитовидной железы T1–4N0–1M0. Согласно критериям Американской тиреоидологической ассоциации (American Thyroid Association, АТА) (2015), пациенты были разделены на группы с высоким, низким и промежуточным риском развития рецидивов. В группу с низким риском вошли 30 больных, с промежуточным – 23, с высоким – 12. Для выявления мутации BRAFV600 был использован метод аллель-специфической полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР). Экспрессия транскрипционных факторов (субъединиц p65 и p50 ядерного фактора каппа би (NF-κB p65, NF-κB p50), фактора, индуцируемого гипоксией 1 (HIF-1), фактора, индуцируемого гипоксией 2 (HIF-2)), ростовых факторов (фактора роста эндотелия сосудов (VEGF), рецептора фактора роста VEGF (VEGFR-2), карбоангидразы 9 типа (CA-IX)), компонентов сигнального пути киназ AKT, c-RAF, GSK-3β, p70S6, мишени рапамицина млекопитающих (m-TOR), PDK, PTEN, 4E-BP1 в опухоли были оценены методом ПЦР в реальном времени. Мутацию BRAFV600 исследовали с помощью аллель-специфической ПЦР в режиме реального времени. Содержание белка LC3B определяли методом Вестерн-блоттинга.<bold>Результаты</bold>. Согласно полученным данным отмечено повышение экспрессии c-RAF с увеличением риска с низкого до высокого, что сопровождалось снижением экспрессии 4E-BP1. Уровень матричной РНК c-RAF был увеличен в 3,0 и 2,8 раза в группах промежуточного и высокого риска соответственно по сравнению с группой низкого риска. Выявлено изменение экспрессии Brn-3α в зависимости от риска развития рецидивов. Максимальные уровни матричной РНК обнаружены у пациентов с промежуточным риском: этот показатель у них был в 4,3 и 6,2 раза выше по сравнению с пациентами с низким и высоким риском соответственно. Показано увеличение экспрессии LC3B в 56,0 и 28,0 раз в ткани опухоли больных с промежуточным риском по сравнению с больными с низким и высоким риском. Выявленный факт сочетался с ростом содержания самого белка, который был выше у пациентов с промежуточным риском. Пациенты с негативным статусом гена BRAF имели промежуточный и высокий риск развития рецидивов опухоли. Выявлена прогностическая значимость уровня экспрессии рецептора эстрогена β (ER-β) и NF-κB p50 в отношении безрецидивной и общей выживаемости больных с папиллярным раком щитовидной железы.<bold>Заключение</bold>. В результате проведенного исследования обнаружены дополнительные молекулярные маркеры, свидетельствующие о повышении риска развития рецидивов опухоли после проведенного лечения. Показана значимость уровня экспрессии ER-β и NF-κB p50 для прогнозирования исходов заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>papillary thyroid cancer</kwd><kwd>transcription and growth factors</kwd><kwd>AKT / mTOR signaling pathway components</kwd><kwd>steroid hormone receptors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>папиллярный рак щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>транскрипционные факторы</kwd><kwd>ростовые факторы</kwd><kwd>компоненты сигнального пути AKT / mTOR</kwd><kwd>рецепторы стероидных гормонов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Shrestha B.L., Kc A.K., Rajbhandari P. et al. 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