Advances in Molecular OncologyAdvances in Molecular OncologyУспехи молекулярной онкологии2313-805X2413-3787Publishing House ABV Press54110.17650/2313-805X-2023-10-2-58-69REVIEWОБЗОРНАЯ СТАТЬЯThe diagnostic and therapeutic potential of exosomal proteins in breast cancerДиагностический и терапевтический потенциал белков экзосом при раке молочной железыhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5369-397XSheferA. A.ШеферА. А.
Russian Federation

8 Akademika Lavrent’eva Prospekt, Novosibirsk 630090; 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090

630090 Новосибирск, проспект Академика Лаврентьева, 8; 630090 Новосибирск, ул. Пирогова, 2

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0390-6580FrikYa. A.ФрикЯ. А.
Russian Federation

2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090

630090 Новосибирск, ул. Пирогова, 2

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-943XTamkovichS. N.ТамковичС. Н.
Russian Federation

Svetlana N. Tamkovich.

8 Akademika Lavrent’eva Prospekt, Novosibirsk 630090; 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090

Тамкович Светлана Николаевна.

630090 Новосибирск, проспект Академика Лаврентьева, 8; 630090 Новосибирск, ул. Пирогова, 2

s.tamkovich@g.nsu.ruInstitute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesФГБУН «Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»Novosibirsk State UniversityФГАОУ ВО «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет»1505202310258691302202310072023Copyright ©; 2023, Shefer A.A., Frik Y.A., Tamkovich S.N.Copyright ©; 2023, Шефер А.А., Фрик Я.А., Тамкович С.Н.2023Shefer A.A., Frik Y.A., Tamkovich S.N.Шефер А.А., Фрик Я.А., Тамкович С.Н.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/541

Exosomes are membrane vesicles 30–150 nm in size released by cells upon fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. A distinctive feature of these vesicles is the presence of the surface tetraspanins CD9, CD63, and CD81. The Rab family of small GTPases, including Rab27A and Rab27B, controls various steps in exosome release, including transport of multivesicular bodies and fusion of the multivesicular body to the plasma membrane. It is commonly accepted to date that exosomes are the main carriers of information between cells under physiological conditions, such as mammary development and lactation, and under pathological conditions, such as breast cancer. This review considers the peculiarities of exosome formation, secretion and transport, their composition and role in normal and breast cancer, as well as the prospects for using these vesicles to develop early non-invasive diagnostics and improve the effectiveness of anti-tumor therapy.

Экзосомы представляют собой мембранные везикулы размером 30–150 нм, которые высвобождаются клетками при слиянии мультивезикулярных телец с плазматической мембраной. Отличительной чертой этих везикул является наличие в них поверхностных тетраспанинов CD9, CD63 и CD81. Семейство малых ГТфаз Rab, включая Rab27A и Rab27B, контролирует различные этапы высвобождения экзосом, в том числе транспорт мультивезикулярных телец и слияние мультивезикулярного тельца с плазматической мембраной. На сегодняшний день принято считать экзосомы основными переносчиками информации между клетками в физиологических  условиях, таких как развитие молочной железы и лактация, и при патологии, например при раке молочной железы. в обзоре рассмотрены особенности формирования, секреции и транспорта экзосом, их состав и роль в норме и при раке молочной железы, а также перспективы использования этих везикул для разработки ранней неинвазивной диагностики и повышения эффективности противоопухолевой терапии.

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