Advances in Molecular OncologyAdvances in Molecular OncologyУспехи молекулярной онкологии2313-805X2413-3787Publishing House ABV Press56710.17650/2313-805X-2023-10-3-15-23REVIEW ARTICLESОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИModern understanding of risk factors and mechanisms of breast cancer developmentСовременное представление о факторах риска и механизмах развития рака молочной железыhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7754-5231PavlovaN. P.ПавловаН. В.
Russian Federation

Kuibyshev St., Belgorod 30801085 Pobedy St., Belgorod 308015

308010 Белгород, ул. Куйбышева, 1

308015 Белгород, ул. Победы, 85

DyominS. S.ДеминС. С.
Russian Federation

Kuibyshev St., Belgorod 30801085 Pobedy St., Belgorod 308015

308010 Белгород, ул. Куйбышева, 1

308015 Белгород, ул. Победы, 85

doctor.dyomin@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-6134ChurnosovM. I.ЧурносовМ. И.
Russian Federation

85 Pobedy St., Belgorod 308015

308015 Белгород, ул. Победы, 85

PonomarenkoI. V.ПономаренкоИ. В.
Russian Federation

85 Pobedy St., Belgorod 308015

308015 Белгород, ул. Победы, 85

Belgorod Regional Oncological DispensaryОГБУЗ «Белгородский областной онкологический диспансер»Belgorod State National Research UniversityФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»15092023103152308102023Copyright ©; 2023, Pavlova N.P., Dyomin S.S., Churnosov M.I., Ponomarenko I.V.Copyright ©; 2023, Павлова Н.В., Демин С.С., Чурносов М.И., Пономаренко И.В.2023Pavlova N.P., Dyomin S.S., Churnosov M.I., Ponomarenko I.V.Павлова Н.В., Демин С.С., Чурносов М.И., Пономаренко И.В.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/567

The article presents current data on the etiopathogenesis and risk factors of breast cancer (BC). The search for the sources was carried out in the PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, eLIBRARY, NHGRI-EBI Catalog of GWAS systems, publications from January 2000 to December 2022 were included. The interaction of definite risk factors, endocrine stimuli and genetic disorders causes activation / inactivation of various signaling pathways that directly or indirectly affect carcinogenesis. According to modern genetic evaluations, the contribution of the hereditary component to the formation of BC reaches 40 %. Interactiones between various risk factors form several molecular subtypes of breast carcinomas, differing in receptor status and clinical course, as well as therapeutic approaches. The details of the interaction of etiopathogenetic factors of BC are not clear, and often have a multidirectional character. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) regulate the mechanisms of proliferation and apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, formation of the tumor microenvironment, neoangiogenesis, as well as intergenic signaling interactions, being an important link in the pathogenesis of BC.

В данном обзоре литературы изложены современные данные об этиопатогенезе и факторах риска рака молочной железы (РМЖ). поиск источников осуществлялся в системах PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, eLIBRARY, NHGRI-EBI Catalog of GWAS. В анализ включены публикации с января 2000 г. по декабрь 2022 г. Взаимодействие определенных факторов риска, эндокринных стимулов и генетических нарушений обусловливает активацию / инактивацию разнообразных сигнальных путей, которые прямо или косвенно влияют на канцерогенез. по современным генетическим оценкам вклад наследственного компонента в формирование РМЖ достигает 40 %. при взаимодействии разнообразных факторов риска происходит формирование нескольких молекулярных подтипов карцином молочной железы, отличающихся по рецепторному статусу, клиническому течению и терапевтическим подходам. Детали взаимодействия этиопатогенетических факторов РМЖ неясны и часто имеют разнонаправленный характер. Матриксные металлопротеиназы (MMPs) регулируют механизмы пролиферации и апоптоза, инвазии и метастазирования, формирования микроокружения опухоли, неоангиогенеза, а также межгенных сигнальных взаимодействий, являясь важным звеном патогенеза РМЖ.

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