<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Успехи молекулярной онкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-805X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">571</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2313-805X-2023-10-3-59-71</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Mechanisms of cytotoxic activity of pyrrole-carboxamides against multidrug-resistant tumor cell sublines</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Механизмы цитотоксической активности пиррол-карбоксамидов в отношении опухолевых клеточных сублиний с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0293-2974</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Galembikova</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галембикова</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420012 Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 49</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5449-4435</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dunaev</surname><given-names>P. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дунаев</surname><given-names>П. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420012 Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 49</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9012-6525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bikinieva</surname><given-names>F. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бикиниева</surname><given-names>Ф. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420012 Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 49</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9683-3012</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mustafin</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мустафин</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420012 Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 49</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2078-4274</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopnin</surname><given-names>P. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копнин</surname><given-names>П. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7395-4951</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zykova</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зыкова</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Polevaya St., Perm 614990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>614081 Пермь, ул. Полевая, 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9666-0130</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhutdinova</surname><given-names>F. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухутдинова</surname><given-names>Ф. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420012 Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 49</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4068-662X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sarbazyan</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сарбазян</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>68 Karl Marx St., Kazan 420015</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420015 Казань, ул. К. Маркса, 68</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2415-1084</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boichuk</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойчук</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>18 Kremlevskaya St., Kazan 420008Bld. 1, 2 / 1 Barricadnaya St., Moscow 12599349 Butlerova St., Kazan 42001249 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420012 Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 49420008 Казань, ул. Кремлевская, 18125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2 / 1, стр. 1420012 Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 49</p></bio><email>boichuksergei@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Carcinogenesis of the N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт канцерогенеза ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Пермская государственная фармацевтическая академия» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan National Research Technological University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Laboratory “Biomarker”, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology of the Kazan Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательская лаборатория «Биомаркер», Институт фундаментальной медицины и биологии ФГАОУ ВО «Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Laboratory of the Kazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральная научно-исследовательская лаборатория ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-10-09"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-10-09"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Galembikova A.R., Dunaev P.D., Bikinieva F.F., Mustafin I.G., Kopnin P.B., Zykova S.S., Mukhutdinova F.I., Sarbazyan E.A., Boichuk S.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Галембикова А.Р., Дунаев П.Д., Бикиниева Ф.Ф., Мустафин И.Г., Копнин П.Б., Зыкова С.С., Мухутдинова Ф.И., Сарбазян Е.А., Бойчук С.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Galembikova A.R., Dunaev P.D., Bikinieva F.F., Mustafin I.G., Kopnin P.B., Zykova S.S., Mukhutdinova F.I., Sarbazyan E.A., Boichuk S.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Галембикова А.Р., Дунаев П.Д., Бикиниева Ф.Ф., Мустафин И.Г., Копнин П.Б., Зыкова С.С., Мухутдинова Ф.И., Сарбазян Е.А., Бойчук С.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/571">https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/571</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction</bold>. Mitotic poisoning agents (MPAs) affecting the dynamic state of the microtubules, are the well-known and effective chemotherapeutic agents. Mitotic poisoning agents are binding to the microtubules, and thereby interfere with tubulin polymerization or depolymerization dynamic state, resulting in the cell cycle arrest in M-phase (mitotic catastrophe) and subsequent apoptotic cell death. We reported previously about potent cytotoxic activities against the pyrrole-carboxamides (PCs) (PC-61 and PC-84) against broad spectrum of cancer cell lines, including triple negative breast cancer, lung and prostate cancer.</p><p><bold>Aim. </bold>To examine the cytotoxic activities of PC-61 and PC-84 against multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines indicated above.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Studу was performed on the triple-negative paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cell line HCC1806 Tx-R and doxorubicin-resistant osteosarcoma SaOS-2 Dox-R cell line.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> The cytotoxic activity of PCs was due to the inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Immunofluorescence staining data revealed PC’s ability to interfere with tubulin’s assembly in multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines. As an outcome of inhibition of tubulin polymerization, PCs induced cell cycle arrest in M-phase, and further led to apoptotic cell death of cancer cells.</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. Collectively, we demonstrated potent cytotoxic activity of PCs against cancer cell lines with multidrug-resistant phenotype, which arising the possibilities to develop novel and effective anti-tumor agents that belongs to mitotic poisoning agents</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Вещества, именуемые митотическими ядами и влияющие на динамическое состояние микротрубочек веретена деления, являются хорошо известными и эффективными химиотерапевтическими препаратами. эти вещества связываются с микротрубочками, влияя тем самым на процессы полимеризации или деполимеризации тубулина, что в конечном счете приводит к остановке клеточного цикла в M-фазе (митотическая катастрофа) и последующей гибели клеток по механизму апоптоза. В предыдущих исследованиях мы показали высокую цитотоксическую и противоопухолевую активность пиррол-карбоксамидов (пк) (пк-61 и пк-84) в отношении широкого спектра опухолевых клеточных линий эпителиального происхождения, включая трижды негативный рак молочной железы, рак легких и предстательной железы.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>– изучить цитотоксическую активность пк-61 и пк-84 в отношении опухолевых клеточных линий с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Исследования проводили на клеточных линиях трижды негативного рака молочной железы, резистентного к паклитакселу (HCC1806 Tx-R), и остеосаркомы, резистентной к доксорубицину (SaOS-2 Dox-R). Согласно ранее проведенным исследованиям обе опухолевые клеточные сублинии имели фенотип множественной лекарственной устойчивости.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> противоопухолевая активность пк обусловлена их способностью ингибировать процессы полимеризации тубулина. Данные иммунофлуоресцентной микроскопии показали способность пк нарушать процессы сборки тубулина в опухолевых клетках. В результате ингибирования полимеризации тубулина в этих клетках происходит остановка клеточного цикла в М-фазе, что приводит к накоплению митотических клеток и индуцирует апоптоз.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Результаты исследований показывают высокую цитотоксическую активность соединений пк-61 и пк-84 в отношении опухолевых клеточных линий с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью, что открывает перспективы для создания новых эффективных противоопухолевых средств на основе пк.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microtubules</kwd><kwd>tubulin depolymerization</kwd><kwd>cell cycle</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>multidrug resistance</kwd><kwd>triple negative breast cancer</kwd><kwd>osteosarcoma</kwd><kwd>pyrrole-carboxamides</kwd><kwd>paclitaxel</kwd><kwd>vinblastine</kwd><kwd>doxorubicin</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микротрубочки</kwd><kwd>деполимеризация тубулина</kwd><kwd>клеточный цикл</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>множественная лекарственная устойчивость</kwd><kwd>трижды негативный рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>остеосаркома</kwd><kwd>пиррол-карбоксамиды</kwd><kwd>паклитаксел</kwd><kwd>винбластин</kwd><kwd>доксорубицин</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with the support of the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 21-75-00014) and was performed as a part of Russia Strategic Academic Leadership Program (PRIORITY-2030) of Kazan Federal University of Ministry of Health.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 21-75-00014) и в рамках Программы стратегического академического лидерства Казанского (Приволжского) федерального университета (ПРИОРИТЕТ-2030).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Parker A.L., Kavallaris M., McCarroll J.A. Microtubules and their role in cellular stress in cancer. Front Oncol 2014;4:1–19. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00153</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Dumontet C., Jordan M.A. Microtubule-binding agents: a dynamic field of cancer therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2010;9(10): 790–803. DOI: 10.1038/nrd3253</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Gigant B., Wang C., Ravelli R.B. et al. Structural basis for the regulation of tubulin by vinblastine. Nature 2005;435(7041):519–22. DOI: 10.1038/nature03566</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Ravelli R.B., Gigant G., Curmi B. et al. Insight into tubulin regulation from a complex with colchicine and a stathminlike domain. Nature 2004;428(6979):198–202. DOI: 10.1038/nature02393</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Yang J., Wang Y., Wang T. et al. Pironetin reacts covalently with cysteine-316 of α-tubulin to destabilize microtubule. Nat Commun 2016;7:12103. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12103</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Prota A.E., Setter J., Waight A.B. et al. Pironetin binds covalently to αCys316 and perturbs a major loop and helix of α-tubulin to inhibit microtubule formation. J Mol Biol 2016;428(15):2981–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.06.023</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Steinmetz M.O., Prota A.E. Microtubule-targeting agents: strategies to hijack the cytoskeleton. Trends Cell Biol 2018;28(10):776–92. DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.05.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Fanale D., Bronte G., Passiglia F. et al. Stabilizing versus destabilizing the microtubules: a double-edge sword for an effective cancer treatment option? Anal Cell Pathol 2015;2015:690916. DOI: 10.1155/2015/690916</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Mooberry S.L., Tien G., Hernandez A.H. et al. Laulimalide and isolaulimalide, new paclitaxel-like microtubule-stabilizing agents. Cancer Res 1999;59(3):653–60.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>West L.M., Northcote P.T., Battershill C.N., Peloruside A. A potent cytotoxic macrolide isolated from the New Zealand marine sponge Mycale sp. J Org Chem 2000;65(2):445–9. DOI: 10.1021/jo991296y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Prota A.E., Bargsten K., Northcote P.T. et al. Structural basis of microtubule stabilization by laulimalide and peloruside A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014;53(6):1621–5. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307749</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Munshi N., Jeay S., Li Y. et al. ARQ 197, a novel and selective inhibitor of the human c-met receptor tyrosine kinase with antitumor activity. Mol Cancer Ther 2010;9(6):1544–53. DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-09-1173</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Katayama R., Aoyama A., Yamori T. et al. Cytotoxic activity of tivantinib (ARQ 197) is not due solely to c-MET inhibition. Cancer Res 2013;73(10):3087–96. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-3256</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Aoyama A., Katayama R., Oh-Hara T. et al. Tivantinib (ARQ 197) exhibits antitumor activity by directly interacting with tubulin and overcomes ABC transporter-mediated drug resistance. Mol Cancer Ther 2014;13(12):2978–90. DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-14-0462</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Gumireddy K., Reddy M.V.R., Cosenza S.C. et al. ON01910, a non-ATP-competitive small molecule inhibitor of Plk1, is a potent anticancer agent. Cancer Cell 2005;7:275–86. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.02.009</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Jost M., Chen Y., Gilbert L.A. et al. Combined CRISPRi/a-based chemical genetic screens reveal that rigosertib is a microtubuledestabilizing agent. Mol Cell 2017;68(1):210–23. DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.09.012</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Park H., Hong S., Hong S. Nocodazole is a high-affinity ligand for the cancer-related kinases ABL, c-KIT, BRAF, and MEK. Chem Med Chem 2012;7(1):53–6. DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100410</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Guo X., Zhang X., Li Y. et al. Nocodazole increases the ERK activity to enhance MKP-1 expression which inhibits p38 activation induced by TNF-α. Mol Cell Biochem 2012;364(1–2):373–80. DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1239-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Tanabe K. Microtubule depolymerization by kinase inhibitors: unexpected findings of dual inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2017;18(12):2508. DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122508</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Ramirez-Rios S., Michallet S., Peris L. et al. A new quantitative cell-based assay reveals unexpected microtubule stabilizing activity of certain kinase inhibitors, clinically approved or in the process of approval. Front Pharmacol 2020;11:543. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00543</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Krishna R., Mayer L.D. Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer: mechanisms, reversal using modulators of MDR and the role of MDR modulators in influencing the pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2000;11(4):265–83. DOI: 10.1016/S0928-0987(00)00114-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Mechetner E., Kyshtoobayeva A., Zonis S. et al. Levels of multidrug resistance (MDR1) P-glycoprotein expressing by human breast cancer correlate with in vitro resistance to taxol and doxorubicin. Clin Cancer Res 1998;4(2):389–98.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Kavallaris M., Kuo D.Y., Burkhart C.A. et al. Taxol-resistant epithelial ovarian tumors are associated with altered expression of specific beta-tubulin isotypes. J Clin Investig 1997;100(5):1282– 93. DOI: 10.1172/JCI119642</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Kavallaris M. Microtubules and resistance to tubulin-binding agents. Nat Rev Cancer 2010;10(3):194–204. DOI: 10.1038/nrc2803</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zykova S.S., Boychuk S.V., Galimbekova A.R. et al. 3-hydroxy-1,5diaryl-4-pivaloyl-2,5-dihydro-2-pyrrolone disrupt mitosis processes and induce the death of tumor cells in vitro. Citologiya = Cytology 2014;56:439–42. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зыкова С.С., Бойчук С.В., Галембикова А.Р. и др. 3-гидрокси-1,5-диарил-4-пивалоил-2,5-дигидро-2-пирролоны нарушают процессы митоза и индуцируют гибель опухолевых клеток in vitro. Цитология 2014;56:439–42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Boichuk S., Galembikova A., Zykova S. et al. Ethyl-2-aminopyrrole-3-carboxylates are novel potent anticancer agents that affect tubulin polymerization, induce G2/M cell-cycle arrest, and effectively inhibit soft tissue cancer cell growth in vitro. Anti-Cancer Drugs 2016;27(7):620–34. DOI: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000000372</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Boichuk S., Galembikova A., Dunaev P. et al. Ethyl-2-aminopyrrole-3-carboxylates are active against imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors in vitro and in vivo. Anti-Cancer Drugs 2019;30(5):475–84. DOI: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000000753</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Carta D., Bortolozzi R., Sturlese M. et al. Synthesis, structureactivity relationships and biological evaluation of 7-phenyl-pyrroloquinolinone 3-amide derivatives as potent antimitotic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017;127:643–60. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.10.026</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Brindisi M., Ulivieri C., Alfano G. et al. Structure-activity relationships, biological evaluation and structural studies of novel pyrrolonaphthoxazepines as antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019;162:290–320. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Boichuk S., Galembikova A., Syuzov K. et al. The design, synthesis, and biological activities of pyrrole-based carboxamides: the novel tubulin inhibitors targeting the colchicine-binding site. Molecules 2021;26(19):5780. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195780</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Boichuk S., Galembikova A., Sitenkov A. et al. Establishment and characterization of a triple negative basal-like breast cancer cell line with multi-drug resistance. Oncol Lett 2017;14(4):5039–45. DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6795</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Zykova S., Kizimova I., Syutkina A. et al. Synthesis and cytostatic activity of (E)-ethyl-2-amino-5-(3,3-dimethyl-4-oxobutyliden-4oxo-1-(2-phenylaminobenzamido)-4,5-dihydro-1Hpyrrol-3carboxylate. Pharm Chem J 2020;53:895–8. DOI: 10.1007/s11094020-02096-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Boichuk S., Bikinieva F., Valeeva E. et al. Establishment and characterization of multi-drug resistant p53-negative osteosarcoma SaOS-2 subline. Diagnostics 2023;13:2646. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162646</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Boichuk S., Dunaev P., Mustafin I. et al. Infigratinib (BGJ 398), a pan-FGFR inhibitor, targets P-glycoprotein and increases chemotherapeutic-induced mortality of multidrug-resistant tumor cells. Biomedicines 2022;10(3):601. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030601</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Distefano M., Scambia G., Ferlini C. et al. Antitumor activity of paclitaxel (taxol) analogues on MDR-positive human cancer cells. Anticancer Drug Des 1998;13(5):489–99.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Pirol Ş.C., Çalışkan B., Durmaz I. et al. Synthesis and preliminary mechanistic evaluation of 5-(p-tolyl)-1-(quinolin-2-yl)pyrazole-3carboxylic acid amides with potent anti-proliferative activity on human cancer cell lines. Eur J Med Chem 2014;87:140–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.056</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Ke J., Lu Q., Wang X. et al. Discovery of 4,5-dihydro-1Hthieno[2’,3’:2,3]thiepino [4,5-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamide derivatives as the potential epidermal growth factor receptors for tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Molecules 2018;23:1980. DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081980</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Lin T., Li J., Liu L. et al. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 4-benzoylamino-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide derivatives as potent CDK2 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021;215:113281. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113281</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Yasuda Y., Arakawa T., Nawata Y. et al. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of 1-ethylpyrazole-3-carboxamide compounds as novel hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2015;23(8):1776–87. DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.02.038</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Gul H.I., Mete E., Eren S.E. et al. Designing, synthesis and bioactivities of 4-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-aryl-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamides. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017;32(1):169–75. DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1243536</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Gul H.I., Yamali C., Bulbuller M. et al. Anticancer effects of new dibenzenesulfonamides by inducing apoptosis and autophagy pathways and their carbonic anhydrase inhibitory effects on hCA I, hCA II, hCA IX, hCA XII isoenzymes. Bioorg Chem 2018;78: 290–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.03.027</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Gul H.I., Yamali C., Sakagami H. et al. New anticancer drug candidates sulfonamides as selective hCA IX or hCA XII inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2018;77:411–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.01.021</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Yamali C., Sakagami H., Uesawa Y. et al. Comprehensive study on potent and selective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis, bioactivities and molecular modelling studies of 4-(3-(2-arylidenehydrazine-1-carbonyl)-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1Hpyrazole-1-yl) benzenesulfonamides. Eur J Med Chem 2021;217:113351. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113351</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Mooberry S.L., Weiderhold K.N., Dakshanamurthy S. et al. Identification and characterization of a new tubulin-binding tetrasubstituted brominated pyrrole. Mol Pharmacol 2007;72(1):132–40. DOI: 10.1124/mol.107.034876</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Da C., Telang N., Barelli P. et al. Pyrrole-based antitubulin agents: two distinct binding modalities are predicted for C-2 analogues in the colchicine site. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012;3(1):53–7. DOI: 10.1021/ml200217u</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Romagnoli R., Oliva P., Salvador M.K. et al. A facile synthesis of diary l pyrroles led to the discovery of potent colchicine site antimitotic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2021;214:113229. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113229</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
