Advances in Molecular OncologyAdvances in Molecular OncologyУспехи молекулярной онкологии2313-805X2413-3787Publishing House ABV Press5910.17650/2313-805X.2016.3.2.26-33REVIEW ARTICLESОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИTumor stem cells from glioblastoma multiformeОпухолевые стволовые клетки мультиформной глиобластомыNikiforovaZ. N.НикифороваЗ. Н.
Russian Federation
zojanik@rambler.ruKudryavtsevI. A.КудрявцевИ. А.
Russian Federation
ArnotskayaN. E.АрноцкаяН. Е.
Russian Federation
BryukhovetskiyI. S.БрюховецкийИ. С.
Russian Federation
ShevchenkoV. E.ШевченкоВ. Е.
Russian Federation
Research Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of RussiaНИИ канцерогенеза ФГБУ «РОНЦ им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115478, RussiaРоссия, 115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24Biomedicine School, Far Eastern Federal UniversityШкола биомедицины ФГАОУ ВПО «Дальневосточный федеральный университет»8 Sukhanova St., Vladivostok, 690091, RussiaРоссия, 690091, Владивосток, ул. Суханова, 8A.V. Zhirmunskiy Institute of Sea Biology, Far Eastern Brach, Russian Academy of SciencesФГБУН «Институт биологии моря им. А. В. Жирмунского» Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук17 Pal’chevskogo St., Vladivostok, 690059, RussiaРоссия, 690059, Владивосток, ул. Пальчевского, 17150520163226330706201607062016Copyright ©; 2016, Nikiforova Z.N., Kudryavtsev I.A., Arnotskaya N.E., Bryukhovetskiy I.S., Shevchenko V.E.Copyright ©; 2016, Никифорова З.Н., Кудрявцев И.А., Арноцкая Н.Е., Брюховецкий И.С., Шевченко В.Е.2016Nikiforova Z.N., Kudryavtsev I.A., Arnotskaya N.E., Bryukhovetskiy I.S., Shevchenko V.E.Никифорова З.Н., Кудрявцев И.А., Арноцкая Н.Е., Брюховецкий И.С., Шевченко В.Е.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/59

Glioblastoma multiforme, a World Health Organization grade IV malignant glioma, is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor with the median survival of approximately 15–25 months after treatment. Glioblastoma multiforme has been shown to be resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy and invariably recurs following surgical resection and chemoradiation. The characteristics of this tumor are exemplified by heterogeneous cell population with diverse biologic properties and genetic changes, the ability to form cancer stem cells (CSC) and divided into four molecular subtypes – proneural, neural, classical and mesenchymal. Despite some success, the mechanisms leading to the formation of the most malignant tumor subtype are unclear. The aim of this review was a synthesis of modern information about the role and biological characteristics of tumor stem cells in tumor progression and the pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme. CSCs reside in niches, which are anatomically distinct regions within the tumor microenvironment. These niches maintain the principle properties of CSCs, preserve their phenotypic plasticity, adhesion, survival, resistance to standard cancer treatment and metastatic potential. The presence of aberrant signaling pathways (Notch, Hedgehog-Gli, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β/SMAD, PI3K/Akt/mTOR), both in the tumor and in the population of CSC, the dysregulation of microRNAs (miR-21, miR-128, miR-326, miR-34a), influence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition explains the availability of typical biological characteristics of the CSC. One needs to consider the influence of the therapy on normal stem cells in the development of drugs directed against the CSC. Regulatory mechanisms and markers found over the last decade can be used as the basis for creation of the new drugs with targeted action in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.

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