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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Успехи молекулярной онкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-805X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">614</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2313-805X-2023-10-4-124-136</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL REPORT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Characteristics of adaptive immune effectors involved in the secondary xenogeneic immune response to human melanoma cells</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Характеристика эффекторов адаптивного иммунитета, вовлеченных во вторичный ксеногенный иммунный ответ на клетки меланомы человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2097-5986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Persiyantseva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Персиянцева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda A. Persiyantseva.</p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Персиянцева Надежда Александровна.</p><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>nadushka99@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-5579</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4687-7444</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zamkova</surname><given-names>M.  A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Замкова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5793-0271</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khromykh</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хромых</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4179-8421</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazansky</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казанский</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>124</fpage><lpage>136</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-18"><day>18</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Persiyantseva N.A., Kalinina A.A., Zamkova M.A., Khromykh L.M., Kazansky D.B.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Персиянцева Н.А., Калинина А.А., Замкова М.А., Хромых Л.М., Казанский Д.Б.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Persiyantseva N.A., Kalinina A.A., Zamkova M.A., Khromykh L.M., Kazansky D.B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Персиянцева Н.А., Калинина А.А., Замкова М.А., Хромых Л.М., Казанский Д.Б.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/614">https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/614</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction</bold>. Current approaches are being developed for adoptive cancer therapy using T-cells genetically modified with T-cell receptors (TCRs) with specificity for tumor antigens. The complexities of identifying antigen-specific TCRs in a patient’s repertoire and selecting therapeutic  receptors necessitate the development of experimental strategies for generating tumor-specific T cells. One of such approaches could be the xenogeneic immunization of mice with human tumor cells. It seems plausible that the T cell repertoire stimulated by xenogeneic vaccination could be a source of TCRs suitable for adoptive cancer immunotherapy.</p><p><bold>Aim</bold>. To assess the prospects for using xenogeneic immunizations to generate tumor-specific memory T cells and identify their TCRs suitable for adoptive immunotherapy, we studied the dynamics of the secondary xenogeneic response in a model of induction of an immune response in mice to human melanoma cells.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. Mice were immunized with human melanoma cells, and 45 days later, they were re-challenged with the immunizing tumor. The dynamics of the development of the secondary immune response <italic>in vivo</italic> and the composition of the involved effectors of adaptive immunity were analyzed by flow cytometry. The proliferation of lymphocytes from immune mice in response to human melanoma cells was evaluated in <italic>in vitro</italic> culture.</p><p><bold>Results</bold>. The secondary xenogeneic response was characterized by a more intense accumulation of T cells and the rapid development of the effector phase at the injection site of human melanoma. This correlated with an enhanced <italic>in vitro</italic> proliferative response of lymphocytes from immune animals to xenoantigens of the immunizing tumor. CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> memory  T cells contributed equally to the development of a secondary response to human melanoma cells expressing HLA class I and II molecules. When only HLA class I was expressed on the cells of the immunizing xenogeneic tumor, CD8<sup>+</sup> memory cells were formed, which dominated the secondary immune response.</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. Our findings confirmed the formation of a specific immunological memory for xenoantigens during xenogeneic immunization. This suggests the possibility of generating xenogeneic TCRs specific for human tumor antigens, which opens up opportunities to developing approaches for screening among them for receptor variants suited for adoptive immunotherapy of human cancers.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. В настоящее  время развиваются подходы адоптивной клеточной терапии онкологических заболеваний с использованием Т-клеток, генетически модифицированных Т-клеточными рецепторами (ТКР) со специфичностью к опухолевым антигенам. Трудоемкость идентификации антигенспецифических ТКР в репертуаре пациента и отбора терапевтических рецепторов делает актуальной разработку экспериментальных стратегий генерации опухолеспецифических Т-клеток. Одной из них может быть ксеногенная иммунизация модельных животных клетками опухоли человека. представляется привлекательной идея, что репертуар Т-клеток, стимулированный  ксеногенной иммунизацией, может стать источником для поиска ТКР, пригодных для адоптивной иммунотерапии опухолей человека.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold>  – анализ динамики вторичного ксеногенного ответа в модели индукции иммунного ответа у мышей на клетки меланомы человека для оценки перспектив использования ксеногенных иммунизаций для генерации опухолеспецифических Т-клеток памяти и идентификации их ТКР, подходящих для адоптивной иммунотерапии.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Мышей иммунизировали клетками меланомы человека; через 45 дней повторно вводили иммунизирующую опухоль. Динамику развития вторичного иммунного ответа <italic>in vivo</italic> и состав вовлеченных эффекторов адаптивного иммунитета анализировали методом проточной цитофлуориметрии. В культуре <italic>in vitro</italic> оценивали пролиферативный ответ лимфоцитов иммунных мышей на клетки иммунизирующей и сторонней меланом человека.</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Вторичный ксеногенный ответ характеризовался более интенсивным накоплением Т-клеток и быстрым развитием эффекторной фазы в месте введения меланомы человека. это коррелировало с усиленным пролиферативным ответом <italic>in vitro</italic> лимфоцитов иммунных животных на ксеноантигены иммунизирующей опухоли. CD4<sup>+</sup>- и СD8<sup>+</sup>-Т-клетки памяти вносили  равный  вклад в развитие вторичного ответа на клетки меланомы человека, экспрессирующей молекулы антигенов гистосовместимости (human leukocyte antigens, HLA) классов I и II. При экспрессии только HLA класса I на клетках иммунизирующей ксеногенной опухоли формировались CD8<sup>+</sup>-клетки памяти, которые доминировали во вторичном иммунном ответе.</p><p><bold>Заключение</bold>. полученные нами данные подтвердили, что в ходе ксеногенной иммунизации формируется специфическая иммунологическая память к ксеноантигенам. Это указывает на возможность генерации ксеногенных ТКР, специфичных к антигенам опухоли человека, и открывает перспективы для разработки стратегий поиска среди них вариантов рецепторов, пригодных для адоптивной иммунотерапии опухолей человека.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>xenogeneic immune response</kwd><kwd>xenoantigen</kwd><kwd>memory T-cells</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ксеногенный иммунный ответ</kwd><kwd>ксеноантиген</kwd><kwd>Т-клетки памяти</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with the support of the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 22-15-00342)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 22-15-00342).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Carvalho-Oliveira M., Valdivia E., Blasczyk R. et al. 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