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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Успехи молекулярной онкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-805X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">647</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2313-805X-2024-11-1-31-45</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The use of T-cells with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Применение T-клеток с химерным антигенным рецептором (CAR-T) в комбинации с химио- и лучевой терапией для лечения солидных опухолей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3832-0805</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaliulin</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халиулин</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan 420008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420008 Казань, ул. Кремлевская, 18</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0585-7727</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Safin</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафин</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Siberian Tract, 29, Kazan 410029</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420029 Казань, ул. Сибирский тракт, 29</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9721-8262</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kunst</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кунст</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>138 Orenburg Tract, Kazan 420064, Republic of Tatarstan</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>420064 Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, 138</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2961-0032</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulatov</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булатов</surname><given-names>Э. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Emil Rafaelevich Bulatov</p><p>18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan 420008; 16/10 Miklukho-Maklay St., GSP-7, Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эмиль Рафаэлевич Булатов</p><p>420008 Казань, ул. Кремлевская, 18; 117997 Москва, ГСП-7, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 16/10</p></bio><email>bulatovemil@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Clinical Oncology Dispensary named after Prof. M.Z. Sigal Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ «Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер Минздрава Республики Татарстан им. Проф. М.З. Сигала»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ «Республиканская клиническая больница» Минздрава Республики Татарстан</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГНЦ ФГБУН «Институт биоорганической химии им. М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова Российской академии наук»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-05"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-04-05"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Khaliulin M.R., Safin R.N., Kunst M.A., Bulatov E.R.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Халиулин М.Р., Сафин Р.Н., Кунст М.А., Булатов Э.Р.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khaliulin M.R., Safin R.N., Kunst M.A., Bulatov E.R.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Халиулин М.Р., Сафин Р.Н., Кунст М.А., Булатов Э.Р.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/647">https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/647</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The introduction of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematological diseases, particularly in combating blood cancer. The success of this cell therapy approach has led to the development of approximately seven commercial CAR-T based drugs. However, the application of CAR-T therapy for solid tumors has proven to be less effective due to challenges such as the varied antigens in solid tumors, an immunosuppressive tumor environment, limited immune cell infiltration, reduced CAR-T cell activity and toxicity issues. To solve these problems, scientists are making efforts to improve and improve the methods of treatment of solid tumors. Chemotherapy is the standard treatment for a large number of malignant neoplasms. It is also used before starting cell therapy for lymphodepletion and better engraftment of injected CAR-T cells. It has been shown that chemotherapy can reduce the immunosuppressive effect of the tumor microenvironment, destroy the stroma, and promote better infiltration of the tumor by CAR-T cells, improving their survival, persistence, cytotoxicity, and influencing the metabolism of immune cells inside the tumor. The effectiveness of combining chemotherapy and CAR-T cell therapy relies on various factors such as tumor type, dosage, treatment schedule, CAR-T cell composition, and individual biological traits. Similarly, radiation therapy can enhance tumor cell vulnerability to specific treatments while also supporting tumor cell survival.</p><p>In this review, we discuss the use of CAR-T therapy to combat solid tumors, regarding the challenges of treating solid tumors, ways to overcome them, and also touch upon the possibility of using combination treatments to improve the effectiveness of cell therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Терапия онкогематологических заболеваний на основе Т-клеток с химерным антигенным рецептором (chimeric antigen receptor, CAR) открыла новую эру в борьбе с раком крови. Результаты применения клеточной терапии оказались настолько перспективными, что на рынке уже появились 7 коммерческих препаратов для ее проведения. Однако CAR-T-терапия при солидных опухолях оказалась не очень эффективной. К тому же возник ряд проблем, таких как антигенная гетерогенность данных опухолей, иммуносупрессивное микроокружение, слабая инфильтрация опухоли иммунными клетками, истощение и снижение пролиферативной активности и цитотоксичности CAR-T-клеток внутри опухоли, ускользание целевого антигена опухоли, токсичность терапии. Для их решения предпринимаются усилия, направленные на совершенствование и улучшение методики лечения солидных опухолей. Химиотерапия является стандартом лечения большого количества злокачественных новообразований. ее также применяют перед началом клеточной терапии для лимфодеплеции и лучшего приживления вводимых CAR-T-клеток. Показано, что химиотерапия может снижать иммуносупрессивное воздействие опухолевого микроокружения, разрушать строму и способствовать лучшей инфильтрации опухоли СAR-T-клетками, улучшая их выживаемость, персистенцию и цитотоксичность, а также влияя на метаболизм иммунных клеток внутри опухоли. Однако эффективность комбинированного применения ХТ и CAR-T-клеточной терапии зависит от многих факторов: типа опухоли, дозы и схемы лечения, популяции CAR-T-клеток и индивидуальных особенностей организма. Аналогично обстоят дела и с лучевой терапией, которая может как повышать чувствительность опухоли к лечению, так и способствовать выживаемости опухолевых клеток.</p><p>В этом обзоре рассматривается применение CAR-T-терапии при солидных опухолях, затрагиваются основные проблемы лечения данных новообразований, пути их решения, а также вопросы возможности использования комбинированного подхода для улучшения эффективности клеточной терапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>adoptive cell therapy</kwd><kwd>chimeric antigen receptor</kwd><kwd>CAR-T cell</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>solid tumors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>адоптивная клеточная терапия</kwd><kwd>химерный антигенный рецептор</kwd><kwd>CAR-T-клетка</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>солидные опухоли</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was funded by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 22-74-10076)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет средств гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 22-74-10076)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. 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