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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Успехи молекулярной онкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-805X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">652</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2313-805X-2024-11-1-99-104</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL REPORT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of circulating neutrophils in the progression of kidney cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль циркулирующих нейтрофилов в прогрессировании рака почки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3908-0840</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Magdieva</surname><given-names>I. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мягдиева</surname><given-names>И. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilseya Rinatovna Myagdieva</p><p>42 L’va Tolstogo St., Ulyanovsk 432017</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ильсея Ринатовна Мягдиева</p><p>432017 Ульяновск, ул. Льва Толстого, 42</p></bio><email>ilseya2015@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7559-5246</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abakumova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абакумова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42 L’va Tolstogo St., Ulyanovsk 432017</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>432017 Ульяновск, ул. Льва Толстого, 42</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5475-7031</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgova</surname><given-names>D. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгова</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42 L’va Tolstogo St., Ulyanovsk 432017</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>432017 Ульяновск, ул. Льва Толстого, 42</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorshkov</surname><given-names>O. Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горшков</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>90 12th September St., Ulyanovsk 432017</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>432017 Ульяновск, ул. 12 Сентября, 90</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5117-1382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gening</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Генинг</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42 L’va Tolstogo St., Ulyanovsk 432017</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>432017 Ульяновск, ул. Льва Толстого, 42</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ulyanovsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Ульяновский государственный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГУЗ «Областной клинический онкологический диспансер»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-05"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-04-05"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Magdieva I.R., Abakumova T.V., Dolgova D.R., Gorshkov O.Y., Gening T.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Мягдиева И.Р., Абакумова Т.В., Долгова Д.Р., Горшков О.Ю., Генинг Т.П.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Magdieva I.R., Abakumova T.V., Dolgova D.R., Gorshkov O.Y., Gening T.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мягдиева И.Р., Абакумова Т.В., Долгова Д.Р., Горшков О.Ю., Генинг Т.П.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/652">https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/652</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Currently, the question of the role of neutrophils in the progression of kidney cancer remains relevant. Neutrophils are capable of exhibiting protumor properties through the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, which is determined by the expression of genes for these molecules. And the functional heterogeneity of neutrophils is characterized by differences in gene expression patterns.</p><p><bold>Aim.</bold> To assess the role of circulating neutrophils in the progression of kidney cancer.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. In circulating neutrophils of patients with verified clear cell kidney cancer at stages I–III according to Tumor, Nodus and Metastasis (TNM) (<italic>n</italic> = 88) before surgical treatment and conditionally healthy donors (control group) (<italic>n</italic> = 20), the expression of <italic>NGAL</italic> genes was determined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, <italic>MMP-13</italic> and <italic>VEGF-A</italic>.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> There was an increase in <italic>NGAL</italic> gene expression in circulating neutrophils (<italic>p</italic> = 0.05) at the initial stage and a decrease in it at advanced stages of kidney cancer (<italic>p</italic> = 0.03). High expression of the <italic>MMP-13</italic> gene by circulating neutrophils was detected at all stages of kidney cancer relative to control values (at stage I <italic>p</italic> = 0.005; at stage II <italic>p</italic> = 0.003; at stage III <italic>p</italic> = 0.0008). A significant direct correlation was observed between the expression of the <italic>NGAL</italic> and <italic>MMP-13</italic> genes in neutrophils at stage I kidney cancer (r = 0.696; <italic>p</italic> = 0.003). In the group of patients with kidney cancer, a direct correlation was found between the expression of the <italic>NGAL</italic> and <italic>VEGF-A</italic> genes (r = 0.322; <italic>p</italic> = 0.049). A multivariable Cox regression model for disease-free survival revealed the predictive value of <italic>VEGF-A</italic> and <italic>NGAL</italic> genes expression in circulating neutrophils. With an increase in the expression of the <italic>VEGF-A</italic> and <italic>NGAL</italic> genes in neutrophils by 1 unit, the risk of metastases increases by 0.80 (0.65–0.99; <italic>p</italic> = 0.043) and 1.42 (1.01–2.00; <italic>p</italic> = 0.046) times, respectively. The Kaplan–Meier analysis of disease-free survival in patients with kidney cancer showed the influence of <italic>NGAL</italic> expression in circulating neutrophils on progression-free time. In the group of patients with high <italic>NGAL</italic> expression, the median follow-up was 31.7 months, and in the group with low <italic>NGAL</italic> expression – more than 36 months (log-rank-test; <italic>p</italic> = 0.017).</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Thus, the data obtained suggest that circulating neutrophils play a leading role in the progression of kidney cancer. The level of expression of <italic>NGAL</italic> in circulating neutrophils can be used to predict the relapse-free period in patients with kidney cancer.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. В настоящее время остается актуальным вопрос о роли нейтрофилов в прогрессировании рака почки. эти клетки способны проявлять проопухолевые свойства посредством секреции цитокинов, хемокинов, факторов роста, которая определяется экспрессией генов данных молекул. Функциональная гетерогенность нейтрофилов характеризуется различиями в паттернах экспрессии генов.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценка роли циркулирующих нейтрофилов в прогрессировании рака почки.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В циркулирующих нейтрофилах пациентов с верифицированным раком почки светлоклеточного типа I–III стадии по классификации Tumor, Nodus and Metastasis (TNM) (<italic>n</italic> = 88) до хирургического лечения и условно здоровых доноров (контрольная группа) (<italic>n</italic> = 20) методом количественной полимеразной цепной реакции с обратной транскрипцией определяли экспрессию генов <italic>NGAL</italic>, <italic>MMP-13</italic> и <italic>VEGF-A</italic>.</p><p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Отмечены повышение экспрессии гена <italic>NGAL</italic> в циркулирующих нейтрофилах при Рп начальных стадий (<italic>р</italic> = 0,05) и ее снижение при Рп поздних стадий (<italic>р</italic> = 0,03). Выявлена высокая экспрессия гена <italic>ММР-13</italic> в циркулирующих нейтрофилах при раке почки всех стадий относительно контрольных значений (при I стадии <italic>р</italic> = 0,005; при II – <italic>p</italic> = 0,003; при III – <italic>p</italic> = 0,0008). При раке почки I стадии наблюдалась прямая корреляционная связь между экспрессией генов <italic>NGAL</italic> и <italic>MMP-13</italic> в нейтрофилах (r = 0,696; <italic>p</italic> = 0,003). Также в группе пациентов с раком почки обнаружена прямая корреляция между экспрессией генов <italic>NGAL</italic> и <italic>VEGF-A</italic> (r = 0,322; <italic>p</italic> = 0,049). В мультивариантной регрессионной модели кокса в отношении безрецидивной выживаемости выявлена предиктивная ценность экспрессии генов <italic>VEGF-A</italic> и <italic>NGAL</italic> в циркулирующих нейтрофилах. При увеличении экспрессии этих генов в нейтрофилах на 1 единицу риск возникновения метастазов возрастает в 0,80 (0,65–0,99; <italic>р</italic> = 0,043) и 1,42 (1,01–2,00; <italic>р</italic> = 0,046) раза соответственно. Анализ безрецидивной выживаемости по методу каплана–Майера у пациентов c раком почки показал влияние уровня экспрессии <italic>NGAL</italic> в циркулирующих нейтрофилах на выживаемость без прогрессирования. В группе пациентов с высокой экспрессией <italic>NGAL</italic> медиана наблюдения составила 31,7 мес, в группе с низкой экспрессией этого гена – более 36 мес (log-rank-test; <italic>p</italic> = 0,017).</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Таким образом, полученные данные позволяют предположить, что циркулирующие нейтрофилы играют ведущую роль в прогрессировании рака почки. Уровень экспрессии генов <italic>NGA</italic>L и <italic>VEGF-A</italic> в этих клетках может быть использован при прогнозировании безрецидивного периода у пациентов с данным заболеванием.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>circulating neutrophils</kwd><kwd>kidney cancer</kwd><kwd>angiogenesis</kwd><kwd>NGAL</kwd><kwd>VEGF-A</kwd><kwd>MMP-13</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>циркулирующие нейтрофилы</kwd><kwd>рак почки</kwd><kwd>ангиогенез</kwd><kwd>NGAL</kwd><kwd>VEGF-A</kwd><kwd>MMP-13</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed without external funding</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>deVivar Chevez A.R., Finke J., Bukowski R. The role of inflammation in kidney cancer. Inflammation and Cancer. 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