Advances in Molecular OncologyAdvances in Molecular OncologyУспехи молекулярной онкологии2313-805X2413-3787Publishing House ABV Press6610.17650/2313-805X-2016-3-3-08-15REVIEW ARTICLESОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИThe phenomenon of RNA interference in oncology: advances, problems and perspectivesФеномен РНК-интерференции в онкологии: достижения, проблемы и перспективыAndreevaO. E.АндрееваО. Е.
Russian Federation
Krasil’nikovM. A.КрасильниковМ. А.
Russian Federation
krasilnikovm1@yandex.ruResearch Institute of Carcinogenesis, N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of RussiaНаучно-исследовательский институт канцерогенеза ФГБУ «Российский онкологический научный центр им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115478, RussiaРоссия, 115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 2415092016338153009201630092016Copyright ©; 2016, Andreeva O.E., Krasil’nikov M.A.Copyright ©; 2016, Андреева О.Е., Красильников М.А.2016Andreeva O.E., Krasil’nikov M.A.Андреева О.Е., Красильников М.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/66

Review describes the phenomenon of RNA interference – the recently discovered biological mechanism of the negative regulation of gene expression. The mechanism is based on the block of the translation and/or degradation of messenger RNA under short non-coding RNA, among them: microRNA and small interfering RNA. The paper reviews the molecular processes of the formation of small RNA, the mechanism of their action and the feasibility of small RNA implementation in the anti-tumor therapy. Specially, we analyze the approaches to in vivo delivery of small RNA, in particular – the liposome and exosome constructs, and perspectives of the involvement of such constructs in the cancer treatment.

Обзор посвящен РНК-интерференции – сравнительно недавно открытому биологическому механизму негативной регуляции экспрессии генов. В основе этого механизма лежит блок трансляции и/или деградация информационной матричной РНК под действием малых некодирующих РНК, наиболее известными представителями которых являются микроРНК и короткие интерферирующие РНК. В обзоре рассматрены молекулярные процессы образования малых РНК, механизм действия и возможность их использования в качестве противоопухолевых терапевтических препаратов. Особое внимание отведено проблеме доставки малых РНК in vivo, в том числе с помощью липосом и экзосом, и перспективам использования таких препаратов в клинической практике.

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