<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Успехи молекулярной онкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-805X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">681</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2313-805X-2024-11-2-106-115</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular genetic features of neuroblastoma in adolescent</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярно-генетические особенности нейробластомы у пациентов подросткового возраста</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5626-218X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya Alexandrovna Andreeva</p><p>117198; 1 Samora Mashela St.; Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Александровна Андреева</p><p>117198; ул. Саморы Машела, 1; Москва</p></bio><email>andreeva793@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3767-4477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamanskaya</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаманская</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117198; 1 Samora Mashela St.; Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198; ул. Саморы Машела, 1; Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3704-8783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kachanov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Качанов</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117198; 1 Samora Mashela St.; Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198; ул. Саморы Машела, 1; Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-8430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abasov</surname><given-names>R. Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абасов</surname><given-names>Р. Х.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117198; 1 Samora Mashela St.; Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198; ул. Саморы Машела, 1; Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6208-6557</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gegeliya</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гегелия</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117198; 1 Samora Mashela St.; Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198; ул. Саморы Машела, 1; Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-8622</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Druy</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Друй</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117198; 1 Samora Mashela St.; Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198; ул. Саморы Машела, 1; Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-05-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>106</fpage><lpage>115</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-06-28"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-06-28"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Andreeva N.A., Shamanskaya T.V., Kachanov D.Y., Abasov R.K., Gegeliya N.V., Druy A.E.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Андреева Н.А., Шаманская Т.В., Качанов Д.Ю., Абасов Р.Х., Гегелия Н.В., Друй А.Е.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andreeva N.A., Shamanskaya T.V., Kachanov D.Y., Abasov R.K., Gegeliya N.V., Druy A.E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андреева Н.А., Шаманская Т.В., Качанов Д.Ю., Абасов Р.Х., Гегелия Н.В., Друй А.Е.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/681">https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/681</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p/><p/><p><bold>   Aim. </bold>To determin the clinical and biological features of neuroblastoma in patients over 10 years old.</p><p> <bold>  Materials and methods.</bold> Patients with a histologically verified diagnosis of neuroblastoma / ganglioneuroblastoma established over the age of 10 years were retrospectively selected. Molecular genetic tests included fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), multiplex ligation-dependent amplification (MLPA) and targeted next generation sequencing of tumor-derived DNA. The described cohort included 11 adolescents with histologically verified neuroblastoma / ganglioneuroblastoma with a median age of 160 months (124–173 months) at diagnosis and 1 patient aged 41 years (clinical data is missing). All adolescents were treated according to the neuroblastoma treatment protocol NB-2004. The median follow-up time for patients (n = 11) was 32 months (8–68 months).</p><p><bold>   Results. </bold>MYCN gene amplification was detected by FISH in 17 %; deletion of 1p and 11q – in 20 and 22.2 % of cases, respectively. Deletions of 1p and 3p (80 % cases each), 11q (67 % cases), 4p (56 % cases), and gain 17q (62.5 % cases) were frequently detected in tumors (n = 9) by MLPA. ATRX gene aberrations was found in 91.6 % (11 / 12). In the most cases (10 / 11; 90 %), ATRX gene deletions of varying length were detected. Missense substitutions p.V1678F, p.N2125I and nonsense mutation p.S213* were detected in 3 / 11 (27.3 %) patients. Moreover, in 2 patients, oncogenic nucleotide substitutions were identified in combination with ATRX gene deletion entire and monosomy X. Oncogenic genetic variants in components of the RAS-RAF-MEK (BRAF, NRAS, ALK) and p53 (ATM, TP53) pathways were detected in 58 % (7 / 12) of cases. No adverse events were observed when ALK inhibitors were added to first-line therapy in neuroblastomas harboring activating ALK mutations.</p><p><bold>   Conclusion.</bold> The clinical aggressiveness of adolescent / adult NB may be explained by the replicative immortalization of cells through alternative lengthening of telomeres, which is highlighted by ATRX aberrations. Special therapeutic recommendations should be elaborated for the treatment of patients in this age group, where special attention should be paid to the use of molecularly targeted therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>   Введение. </bold>У подростков и молодых взрослых нейробластома развивается крайне редко, характеризуется индолентным течением, очень плохим отдаленным прогнозом и имеет молекулярно-генетические особенности.</p><p><bold>   Цель исследования </bold>– клиническая и молекулярно-генетическая характеристика нейробластомы в когорте пациентов старше 10 лет.</p><p><bold>   Материалы и методы. </bold>Ретроспективно отобраны пациенты с гистологически верифицированным диагнозом «нейробластома / ганглионейробластома», установленным в возрасте старше 10 лет. Для выявления генетических аберраций в клетках опухоли применялись флуоресцентная гибридизация in situ (fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH), мультиплексная лигазозависимая амплификация (multiplex ligation-dependent amplification, MLPA) и таргетное высокопроизводительное секвенирование ДНК. В описываемую когорту вошли 11 больных подросткового возраста с медианой возраста на момент постановки диагноза 160 мес (124–173 мес) и 1 больной в возрасте 41 года (клинические данные отсутствуют). Все пациенты подросткового возраста получали лечение в соответствии с протоколом NB-2004. Медиана времени наблюдения за этими больными (n = 11) составила 32 мес (8–68 мес).</p><p><bold>   Результаты. </bold>С помощью FISH амплификация гена MYCN обнаружена в 17 % случаев, делеции 1p и 11q – в 20 и 22,2 % случаев соответственно. Методом MLPA в опухоли 9 пациентов наиболее часто определялись делеции 1p и 3p (по 80 % случаев), 11q (67 % случаев), 4p (56 % случаев), а также увеличение числа копий 17q (62,5 % случаев). Дефекты в гене ATRX обнаружены у 11 (91,6 %) из 12 пациентов. В 90 % случаев (у 10 из 11 больных) выявлены делеции гена ATRX различной протяженности. У 3 / 11 (27,3 %) пациентов обнаружены 2 миссенс-мутации (p.V1678F, p.N2125I) и нонсенс-мутация p.S213*. При этом у 2 больных выявлены онкогенные нуклеотидные замены, сочетающиеся с делецией всего гена ATRX и моносомией Х. Онкогенные генетические варианты в компонентах путей RAS-RAF-MEK (BRAF, NRAS, ALK) и p53 (ATM, TP53) определены в 58 % (7 / 12) случаев. При добавлении к терапии ALK-ингибиторов в 1-й линии при наличии соответствующих активирующих миссенс-мутаций неблагоприятные события не наблюдались.</p><p><bold>   Заключение.</bold> Биологические особенности и клиническая агрессивность нейробластомы у подростков / взрослых могут быть объяснены репликативной иммортализацией клеток за счет альтернативного пути поддержания длины теломер. Для лечения пациентов данной возрастной группы должны быть разработаны специальные терапевтические рекомендации; особое внимание необходимо уделить применению молекулярно-направленной терапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neuroblastoma</kwd><kwd>adolescents</kwd><kwd>ATRX</kwd><kwd>ALK</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейробластома</kwd><kwd>подростки</kwd><kwd>ATRX</kwd><kwd>ALK</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with the support of the Science for Children Foundation</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке фонда «Наука – детям»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>London W.B., Castleberry R.P., Matthay K.K. et al. Evidence for an age cutoff greater than 365 days for neuroblastoma risk group stratification in the Children’s Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2005;23(27):6459–65. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2005.05.571</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Esiashvili N., Goodman M., Ward K. et al. Neuroblastoma in adults: Incidence and survival analysis based on SEER data. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49(1):41–6. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.20859</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Rogowitz E., Babiker H.M., Kanaan M. et al. Neuroblastoma of the elderly, an oncologist’s nightmare: case presentation, literature review and SEER database analysis. Exp Hematol Oncol 2014;3:20. DOI: 10.1186/2162-3619-3-20</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Allan S.G., Cornbleet M.A., Carmichael J. et al. Adult neuroblastoma. Report of three cases and review of the literature. Cancer 1986;57(12):2419–21. DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19860615)57:12&lt;2419::aid-cncr2820571228&gt;3.0.co;2-v</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Mosse Y.P., Deyell R.J., Berthold F. et al. Neuroblastoma in older children, adolescents and young adults: a report from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group project. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61(4):627–35. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24777</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Druy A.E., Tsaur G.A., Shorikov Ye.V. et al. Prognostic impact of MYCN amplification, 1p deletion and 11q deletion in neuro blastoma patients. Pediatr = Pediatrician 2013;4(1):41–8. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Друй А.Е., Цаур Г.А., Шориков Е.В. и др. Прогностическое значение амплификации гена MYCN, делеции короткого плеча хромосомы 1 и делеции длинного плеча хромосомы 11 у пациентов с нейробластомой. Педиатр 2013;4(1):41–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Berbegall A.P., Villamón E., Tadeo I. et al. Neuroblastoma after childhood: prognostic relevance of segmental chromosome aberrations, ATRX protein status, and immune cell infiltration. Neoplasia 2014;16(6):471–80. DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.05.012</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Suzuki M., Kushner B.H., Kramer K. et al. Treatment and outcome of adult-onset neuroblastoma. Int J Cancer 2018;143(5):1249–58. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31399</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Cheung N.K., Zhang J., Lu C. et al. Association of age at diagnosis and genetic mutations in patients with neuroblastoma. JAMA 2012;307(10):1062–71. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2012.228</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazantsev I.V., Gevorgyan A.G., Yukhta T.V. et al. Clinical and biological characteristics of neuroblastoma in adolescents and young adults. Case study and literature review. Rossijskij zhurnal detskoj gematologii i onkologii = Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 2020;7(3):13–21. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Казанцев И.В., Геворгян А.Г., Юхта Т.В. и др. Особенности клинического течения и биологических характеристик нейробластомы у подростков и молодых взрослых. Описание серии клинических случаев и обзор литературы. Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии 2020;7(3):13–21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Ambros I.M., Brunner B., Aigner G. et al. A multilocus technique for risk evaluation of patients with neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2011;17(4):792–804. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-0830</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Lasorsa V.A., Cimmino F., Ognibene M. et al. 19p loss is significantly enriched in older age neuroblastoma patients and correlates with poor prognosis. NPJ Genom Med 2020;5:18. DOI: 10.1038/s41525-020-0125-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Conte M., Parodi S., De Bernardi B. et al. Neuroblastoma in adolescents: the Italian experience. Cancer 2006;106(6):1409–17. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.21751</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Ryan A.L., Akinkuotu A., Pierro A. et al. The role of surgery in high-risk neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2020;42(1): 1–7. DOI: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000001607</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Mazzocco K., Defferrari R., Sementa A.R. et al. Genetic abnormalities in adolescents and young adults with neuroblastoma: a report from the Italian Neuroblastoma group. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62(10):1725–32. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25552</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Pang Y., Chen X., Ji T. et al. The chromatin remodeler ATRX: role and mechanism in biology and cancer. Cancers 2023;15(8):2228. DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082228</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Wiestler B., Capper D., Holland-Letz T. et al. ATRX loss refines the classification of anaplastic gliomas and identifies a subgroup of IDH mutant astrocytic tumors with better prognosis. Acta Neuropathol 2013;126(3):443–51. DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1156-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Lovejoy C.A., Li W., Reisenweber S. et al. Loss of ATRX, genome instability, and an altered DNA damage response are hallmarks of the alternative lengthening of telomeres pathway. PLoS Genet 2012:8:e1002772. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002772</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Killela P.J., Reitman Z.J., Jiao Y. et al. TERT promoter mutations occur frequently in gliomas and a subset of tumors derived from cells with low rates of self-renewal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2013;110(15):6021–6. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1303607110</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Peifer M., Hertwig F., Roels F. et al. Telomerase activation by genomic rearrangements in high-risk neuroblastoma. Nature 2015;526(7575):700–4. DOI: 10.1038/nature14980</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Aguilera P., López-Contreras A.J. ATRX, a guardian of chromatin. Trends Genet 2023;39(6):505–19. DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.02.009</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Zeineldin M., Federico S., Chen X. et al. MYCN amplification and ATRX mutations are incompatible in neuroblastoma. Nat Commun 2020;11(1):913. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14682-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Ackermann S., Cartolano M., Hero B. et al. A mechanistic classification of clinical phenotypes in neuroblastoma. Science 2018;362(6419):1165–70. DOI: 10.1126/science.aat6768</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>George S.L., Lorenzi F., King D. et al. Therapeutic vulnerabilities in the DNA damage response for the treatment of ATRX mutant neuroblastoma. EBioMedicine 2020;59:102971. DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102971</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Qin T., Mullan B., Ravindran R. et al. ATRX loss in glioma results in dysregulation of cell-cycle phase transition and ATM inhibitor radio-sensitization. Cell Rep 2022;38(2):110216. DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110216</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
