Advances in Molecular OncologyAdvances in Molecular OncologyУспехи молекулярной онкологии2313-805X2413-3787Publishing House ABV Press70510.17650/2313-805X-2024-11-3-24-31REVIEW ARTICLESОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИImmunological tolerance in breast cancer: some reasons for developmentИммунологическая толерантность при раке молочной железы: некоторые причины развитияhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4682-1811KayukovaE. V.КаюковаЕ. В.
Russian Federation

39A Gor’kogo St., Chita 672000

672000 Чита, ул. Горького, 39А

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0622-5323BolotovE. S.БолотовЭ. С.
Russian Federation

Elbek Sayanovich Bolotov

39A Gor’kogo St., Chita 672000

Элбэк Саянович Болотов

672000 Чита, ул. Горького, 39А

elbek1994@gmail.comChita State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБОУ ВО «Читинская государственная медицинская академия» Минздрава России1509202411324311010202410102024Copyright ©; 2024, Kayukova E.V., Bolotov E.S.Copyright ©; 2024, Каюкова Е.В., Болотов Э.С.2024Kayukova E.V., Bolotov E.S.Каюкова Е.В., Болотов Э.С.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/705

Immunological tolerance is one of the reasons for the development and progression of malignant tumors. The tumor immune cycle regulates the normal antitumor immune response, and it’s disruption is responsible for the development of immunological tolerance. This article provides a review of russian and foreign literature published in databases such as PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane, eLibrary in the last 5 years, focusing on the emergence of immunological tolerance in breast cancer from the perspective of disrupted regulation of tumor immune cycle phases: expression of antigens on the surface of tumor cells, cancer antigen presentation, priming and activation T cells, immune infiltration of the tumor site, recognition, and elimination of tumor cells. Understanding the mechanisms underlying tumor immune cycle disruption is important for identifying new immunopathogenetic links in the development of breast cancer, as well as identifying targets to improve the effectiveness of therapy for advanced breast cancer.

Иммунологическая толерантность является одной из причин возникновения и прогрессирования злокачественных опухолей. Противоопухолевый иммунный цикл регулирует нормальный противоопухолевый иммунный ответ, а его нарушение вызывает развитие иммунологической толерантности. В статье представлен обзор отечественной и зарубежной литературы, опубликованной за последние 5 лет в базах PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, eLibrary и посвященой вопросам возникновения иммунологической толерантности при раке молочной железы с позиции нарушения регуляции фаз противоопухолевого иммунного цикла. В настоящее время выделяют следующие этапы противоопухолевого иммунного цикла: экспрессия антигенов на поверхности опухолевых клеток, созревание антигенпрезентирующих клеток и распознавание опухолевых антигенов, праймирование и активация Т-клеток, иммунная инфильтрация опухолевого очага, распознавание и уничтожение опухолевых клеток. Понимание механизмов, лежащих в основе противоопухолевого иммунного цикла, важно для выявления новых иммунопатогенетических звеньев развития рака молочной железы и таргетируемых мишеней с целью улучшения эффективности терапии распространенного рака молочной железы.

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