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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Успехи молекулярной онкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-805X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">710</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2313-805X-2024-11-3-79-91</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Anti-tumor effects of recombinant human cyclophilin A combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the experimental model of melanoma B16 in vivo</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Противоопухолевые эффекты сочетанного действия рекомбинантного циклофилина А человека и ингибиторов контрольных точек иммунитета в экспериментальной модели меланомы В16 in vivo</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-5579</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiia Andreevna Kalinina</p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Андреевна Калинина</p><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>aakalinina89@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4179-8421</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazansky</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казанский</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5793-0271</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khromykh</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хромых</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-11"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-10-11"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Kalinina A.A., Kazansky D.B., Khromykh L.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Калинина А.А., Казанский Д.Б., Хромых Л.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalinina A.A., Kazansky D.B., Khromykh L.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Калинина А.А., Казанский Д.Б., Хромых Л.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/710">https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/710</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction</bold>. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have an exceptional position in cancer immunotherapy. Currently, anti-CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4) and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 (PD-1 – programmed cell death 1, PD-L1 – programmed death 1 ligand 1) therapies are most widely applied in clinical practice. Still, immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy is not always successful, and multiple studies have indicated that it should be combined with other immunotherapeutic strategies, including cytokines. Secreted cyclophilin A (CypA) could be of particular interest in this respect. Previously, we showed that recombinant human CypA (rhCypA) had pleiotropic immunostimulatory activity and anti-tumor effects. Studies of rhCypA as an anti-cancer factor pointed to its potential use in cancer chemoimmunotherapy and combination immunotherapy.<bold>Aim</bold>. To evaluate anti-tumor effects of combined immunotherapy using rhCypA and immune checkpoint inhibitors in the mouse model of melanoma B16 in vivo.<bold>Materials and methods</bold>. C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously transplanted with melanoma B16. On days 6 and 9 posttumor transplantation, monoclonal antibodies to PD-1, PD-L1 and programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2), CTLA-4, lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), or CD276 were intravenously injected into mice at a dose of 100 μg/mouse. RhCypA was injected s/c on days 6–10 post-tumor transplantation at a dose of 100 μg/mouse. The therapeutic effects of combined immunotherapy were evaluated by melanoma B16 growth dynamics and the survival of tumor-bearing mice.<bold>Results</bold>. In combination with anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies, rhCypA had the most distinct and prolonged synergic anti-tumor effects until day 19 post-immunotherapy, with an increase in animal lifespan of 70 %. When used with anti-LAG-3 monoclonal antibodies, rhCypA exhibited a synergic therapeutic effect by day 12 post-therapy. Combination of rhCypA with anti-PD-L1 or anti-CD276 monoclonal antibodies had short-term synergic effects until day 5 after therapy. Recombinant human CypA impeded the anti-tumor effects of dual anti-PD-1 + anti-LAG-3 therapy.<bold>Conclusion</bold>. Our findings pointed out that rhCypA could significantly improve therapeutic effects of individual immune checkpoint inhibitors. Therefore, rhCypA could be potentially proposed as a component of combined anti-tumor immunotherapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Ингибиторы контрольных точек иммунитета занимают особое место среди стратегий иммунотерапии онкологических заболеваний. На сегодняшний день наиболее широкое клиническое применение получили антиCTLA-4 (CTLA-4 – гликопротеин цитотоксических лимфоцитов 4) и анти-PD-1/PD-L1-терапия (PD-1 – рецептор программируемой клеточной гибели 1, PD-L1 – лиганд 1 PD-1). Между тем терапия ингибиторами контрольных точек иммунитета не всегда оказывается успешной, и многочисленные исследования указывают на необходимость комбинирования ее с другими подходами иммунотерапии, в том числе с цитокинами. Особый интерес в этом отношении представляет секреторный циклофилин А (ЦфА). Плейотропое иммуностимулирующее действие и противоопухолевый эффект рекомбинантного ЦфА человека (рчЦфА) показаны нами ранее. Наши исследования рчЦфА как противоопухолевого фактора указывают на перспективность его использования в химио-иммунотерапии и комбинированной иммунотерапии онкологических заболеваний.<bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценить противоопухолевые эффекты комбинированной иммунотерапии с использованием рчЦфА и ингибиторов контрольных точек иммунитета в модели меланомы В16 in vivo.<bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Мышам C57BL/6 подкожно прививали клетки меланомы В16. На 6-й и 9-й дни после прививки опухоли вводили внутривенно блокирующие моноклональные антитела к PD-1, PD-L1 и лиганду 2 PD-1 (PD-L2), рецептору CTLA-4, белку гена активации лимфоцитов 3 (LAG-3) или молекуле CD276 в дозе 100 мкг/мышь. Рекомбинантный ЦфА человека вводили подкожно на 6–10-й дни после прививки опухоли в дозе 100 мкг/мышь. Терапевтический эффект сочетанной иммунотерапии оценивали по динамике роста меланомы В16 и выживаемости животных-опухоленосителей.<bold>Результаты</bold>. В комбинации с антителами к CTLA-4 рчЦфА проявлял выраженное и продолжительное синергическое противоопухолевое действие до 19-го дня по окончании комбинированной иммунотерапии с увеличением продолжительности жизни экспериментальных животных на 70 %. Рекомбинантный ЦфА человека в сочетании с антителами к LAG-3 оказывал синергический терапевтический эффект до 12-го дня после иммунотерапии. Сочетание рчЦфА с антителами к PD-L1 и CD276 имело кратковременный эффект до 5-го дня после терапии. Комбинирование рчЦфА с блокаторами PD-1 и LAG-3 отменяло противоопухолевое действие двойной терапии ингибиторами контрольных точек иммунитета.<bold>Заключение</bold>. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о способности рчЦфА значительно усиливать терапевтический эффект отдельных ингибиторов контрольных точек иммунитета. Таким образом, рчЦфА может быть предложен в качестве потенциального компонента комбинированной противоопухолевой иммунотерапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cyclophilin A</kwd><kwd>immune checkpoint inhibitor</kwd><kwd>combined immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>melanoma B16</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>циклофилин А</kwd><kwd>ингибитор контрольных точек иммунитета</kwd><kwd>комбинированная иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>меланома В16</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with the support of the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 22-75-00004).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 22-75-00004).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Rui R., Zhou L., He S. Cancer immunotherapies: advances and bottlenecks. 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