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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Успехи молекулярной онкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-805X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">731</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2313-805X-2024-11-4-80-92</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Changes in the expression of genes that regulate apoptosis as a factor in the development of chemoresistance in soft tissue sarcoma</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Изменения экспрессии генов-регуляторов апоптоза как фактор развития химиорезистентности сарком мягких тканей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5082-9883</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fetisov</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фетисов</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Timur Igorevich Fetisov</p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимур Игоревич Фетисов</p><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>TimkaTryam@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-0021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khazanova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хазанова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8673-597X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shtompel</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Штомпель</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6839-7436</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trapeznikova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трапезникова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5548-3295</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tararykova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарарыкова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinovyeva</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зиновьева</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-2688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Marshall</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маршалл</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3317-9543</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lowenger</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ловенгер</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4229-5911</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kupaeva</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Купаева</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0777-9152</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogozhin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рогожин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1396-3434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bokhyan</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бохян</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3167-7204</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belitsky</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белицкий</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9710-8178</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakubovskaya</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якубовская</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8599-6833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirsanov</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирсанов</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p><p>6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p><p>117198 Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-10"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-12-10"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Fetisov T.I., Khazanova S.A., Shtompel P.A., Trapeznikova E.S., Tararykova A.A., Zinovyeva V.Y., Marshall V.I., Lowenger A.A., Kupaeva I.S., Rogozhin D.V., Bokhyan A.Y., Belitsky G.A., Yakubovskaya M.G., Kirsanov K.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Фетисов Т.И., Хазанова С.А., Штомпель П.А., Трапезникова Е.С., Тарарыкова А.А., Зиновьева В.Ю., Маршалл В.И., Ловенгер А.А., Купаева И.С., Рогожин Д.В., Бохян А.Ю., Белицкий Г.А., Якубовская М.Г., Кирсанов К.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fetisov T.I., Khazanova S.A., Shtompel P.A., Trapeznikova E.S., Tararykova A.A., Zinovyeva V.Y., Marshall V.I., Lowenger A.A., Kupaeva I.S., Rogozhin D.V., Bokhyan A.Y., Belitsky G.A., Yakubovskaya M.G., Kirsanov K.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фетисов Т.И., Хазанова С.А., Штомпель П.А., Трапезникова Е.С., Тарарыкова А.А., Зиновьева В.Ю., Маршалл В.И., Ловенгер А.А., Купаева И.С., Рогожин Д.В., Бохян А.Ю., Белицкий Г.А., Якубовская М.Г., Кирсанов К.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/731">https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/731</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction</bold>. The active use of highly toxic chemotherapy in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas determines the need to search for criteria and markers of chemoresistance of patients to the therapy.<bold>Aim.</bold> To study the connection between tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy and expression levels of apoptosis-regulating proteins (PUMA, PMAIP-1, PIDD-1, AIFM-2, Bax, GADD45a) in primary cultures of soft tissue sarcomas.<bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Primary cultures of soft tissue sarcomas were obtained using enzymatic digestion, cell death was evaluated using resazurine assay. Gene expression was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction, protein levels using immunoblotting assay.<bold>Results.</bold> 73 primary cultures of soft tissue sarcomas were obtained, for which chemosensitivity to doxorubicin, ifosfamide, docetaxel, gemcitabine, pazopanib and their combinations was determined using a resazurin cytotoxicity test. Associations of <italic>AIFM-2</italic> gene expression with resistance to pazopanib, doxorubicin and its combination with ifosfamide were found in liposarcoma, synovial and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas. In addition, associations between the expression of the <italic>Bax, PUMA, PMAIP-1, GADD45a</italic> and <italic>PIDD-1</italic> genes and resistance to the studied drugs in various nosological subgroups of sarcomas were identified. When studying the amount of protein, it was revealed that undifferentiated pleomorphic and synovial sarcomas with a low content of GADD45a are more resistant to the studied drugs. Liposarcomas with high Bax expression are more resistant to docetaxel and gemcitabine, while synovial sarcomas with high Bax expression are more sensitive to doxorubicin and ifosfamide.<bold>Conclusion.</bold> The data obtained indicate a relationship between the activity of the studied genes-regulators of apoptosis and resistance to drugs used in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Активное использование высокотоксичной химиотерапии в лечении сарком мягких тканей определяет необходимость поиска критериев и маркеров хеморезистентности пациентов к проводимой терапии.<bold>Цель исследования</bold> – изучение взаимосвязи резистентности опухолевых клеток к химиотерапии и уровня экспрессии белков-регуляторов апоптоза (PUMA, PMAIP-1, PIDD-1, AIFM-2, Bax, GADD45a) в первичных культурах сарком мягких тканей.<bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Для получения первичных культур сарком мягких тканей использовалось ферментативное выделение, для определения клеточной гибели – резазуриновый тест. Экспрессия генов оценена с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени, количество белка – методом иммуноблоттинга.<bold>Результаты.</bold> Получены 73 первичные культуры сарком мягких тканей, для которых с помощью резазуринового теста на цитотоксичность определена хемочувствительность к доксорубицину, ифосфамиду, доцетакселу, гемцитабину, пазопанибу и их комбинациям. Обнаружены положительные связи экспрессии гена <italic>AIFM-2</italic> с резистентностью к пазопанибу, доксорубицину и его комбинации с ифосфамидом в липосаркомах, синовиальных и недифференцированных плеоморфных саркомах. Кроме того, выявлена ассоциация экспрессии генов <italic>Bax, PUMA, PMAIP-1, GADD45a</italic> и <italic>PIDD-1</italic> с резистентностью к исследуемым препаратам в различных нозологических подгруппах сарком. Результаты исследования количества белка показали, что недифференцированные плеоморфные и синовиальные саркомы с низким содержанием GADD45a наиболее резистентны к исследуемым препаратам. липосаркомы с высокой экспрессией Bax чувствительнее к доцетакселу и гемцитабину, в то время как синовиальные саркомы с высокой экспрессией Bax – к доксорубицину и ифосфамиду, но не к доцетакселу и гемцитабину. <bold>Заключение.</bold> Полученные данные свидетельствуют о взаимосвязи активности исследуемых генов-регуляторов апоптоза и резистентности к препаратам, применяемым в терапии сарком мягких тканей.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>soft tissue sarcoma</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>chemoresistance</kwd><kwd>prognosis of individual sensitivity and development of drug resistance</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>саркома мягких тканей</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>хеморезистентность</kwd><kwd>прогноз индивидуальной чувствительности и развития лекарственной резистентности</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant (grant No. 22-75-00100). The study protocol was approved by the local Ethical committee on animal experimentation of the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда (грант № 22-75-00100). Протокол исследования одобрен локальным комитетом биоэтики ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2018 (morbidity and mortality). Ed. by A.D. Kaprin, V.V. Starinsky, G.V. Petrov. Moscow: MNIOI im. P.A. Gertsena – filial FGBU “NMITS radiologii” Minzdrava Rossii, 2019. 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