<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Успехи молекулярной онкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-805X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">756</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2313-805X-2025-12-1-41-52</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Validation of high-throughput sequencing-based test system for detection of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer samples</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Валидация тест-системы на основе высокопроизводительного секвенирования для детектирования микросателлитной нестабильности в образцах колоректального рака</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1920-5076</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra Artemovna Lebedeva </p><p>Bld. 4, 1A Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119049, Russia;</p><p>Bld. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александра Артемовна Лебедева </p><p>Россия, 119049 Москва, Ленинский пр-кт, 4, стр. 1А;</p><p>Россия, 119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2 </p></bio><email>lebedeva_a_a_1@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1952-9783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Taraskina</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тараскина</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Bld. 4, 1A Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119049, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 119049 Москва, Ленинский пр-кт, 4, стр. 1А </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3861-5281</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kavun</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кавун</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Bld. 4, 1A Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119049, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 119049 Москва, Ленинский пр-кт, 4, стр. 1А </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7701-8765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bld. 4, 1A Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119049, Russia;</p><p>Bld. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 119049 Москва, Ленинский пр-кт, 4, стр. 1А;</p><p>Россия, 119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9054-1481</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigor'eva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьева</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bld. 4, 1A Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119049, Russia;</p><p>Bld. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 119049 Москва, Ленинский пр-кт, 4, стр. 1А;</p><p>Россия, 119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7753-3081</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bld. 4, 1A Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119049, Russia;</p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 119049 Москва, Ленинский пр-кт, 4, стр. 1А </p><p>Россия, 115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8780-6159</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravchuk</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравчук</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bld. 3, 8 Sosenskiy Stan, Kommunarka Sosenskoye, Moscow 108814, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 108814 Москва, пос. Сосенское, пос.  Коммунарка, Сосенский Стан, 8, стр. 3 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7177-2875</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaeva</surname><given-names>L. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляева</surname><given-names>Л. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bld. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8958-9805</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikulin</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никулин</surname><given-names>В. Э.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7852-7466</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khomenko</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хоменко</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bld. 4, 1A Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119049, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 119049 Москва, Ленинский пр-кт, 4, стр. 1А </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0272-1747</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mileyko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милейко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bld. 4, 1A Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119049, Russia</p><p>Bld. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 119049 Москва, Ленинский пр-кт, 4, стр. 1А;</p><p>Россия, 119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2245-214X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tryakin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трякин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5615-7806</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedyanin</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федянин</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia;</p><p>Bld. 3, 8 Sosenskiy Stan, Kommunarka Sosenskoye, Moscow 108814, Russia;</p><p>70 Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya St., Moscow 105203, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24;</p><p>Россия, 108814 Москва, пос. Сосенское, пос. Коммунарка, Сосенский Стан, 8, стр. 3;</p><p>Россия, 105203 Москва, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, 70 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9961-0129</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bld. 4, 1A Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119049, Russia</p><p>Bld. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 119049 Москва, Ленинский пр-кт, 4, стр. 1А;</p><p>Россия, 119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">LLC OncoAtlas</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «ОнкоАтлас»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center “Kommunarka”, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Московский многопрофильный клинический центр «Коммунарка» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-14"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-14"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Lebedeva A.A., Taraskina A.N., Kavun A.I., Belova E.V., Grigor'eva T.V., Kuznetsova O.A., Kravchuk D.A., Belyaeva L.D., Nikulin V.E., Khomenko E.D., Mileyko V.A., Tryakin A.A., Fedyanin M.Y., Ivanov M.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Лебедева А.А., Тараскина А.Н., Кавун А.И., Белова Е.В., Григорьева Т.В., Кузнецова О.А., Кравчук Д.А., Беляева Л.Д., Никулин В.Э., Хоменко Е.Д., Милейко В.А., Трякин А.А., Федянин М.Ю., Иванов М.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lebedeva A.A., Taraskina A.N., Kavun A.I., Belova E.V., Grigor'eva T.V., Kuznetsova O.A., Kravchuk D.A., Belyaeva L.D., Nikulin V.E., Khomenko E.D., Mileyko V.A., Tryakin A.A., Fedyanin M.Y., Ivanov M.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лебедева А.А., Тараскина А.Н., Кавун А.И., Белова Е.В., Григорьева Т.В., Кузнецова О.А., Кравчук Д.А., Беляева Л.Д., Никулин В.Э., Хоменко Е.Д., Милейко В.А., Трякин А.А., Федянин М.Ю., Иванов М.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/756">https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/756</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>Currently in routine clinical practice, standard methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical examination are used to determine microsatellite instability (MSI) and deficient mismatch repair system (dMMR). MSI identification using high-throughput sequencing (next generation sequencing, NGS) is of special interest because it allows to analyze a large number of microsatellites and simultaneously study alterations in therapeutically significant genes.<bold>Aim. </bold>To validate of amplicon-based NGS panel for analysis of MSI and alterations in clinically significant genes in colorectal cancer.<bold>Materials and methods. </bold>High-throughput sequencing for MSI analysis was performed on formalin-fixed paraffinembedded (FFPE) samples from patients with colorectal cancer of any stage using amplicon-based panel “Solo-test Driver” (Russia) which covers 38 genes and 39 short tandem repeats (mononucleotides). As a reference method, 5-loci (BAT25, BAT26, NR21, NR24 and NR27) PCR was used. In NGS, MSI was evaluated based on κmer distribution. Statistical analysis was performed using Cohen’s kappa (κ), Mann-Whitney u test, and Fisher’s exact test.<bold>Results. </bold>An amplicon-based NGS panel for analysis of MSI in 39 loci and alterations in 39 genes was developed and validated on 160 archival FFPE samples of colorectal cancer. Per PCR, 42 (26.25 %) samples were MSI-positive, 118 (73.75 %) were MSI-negative. The results of PCR and NGS were concordant in 98.75 % (158/160) cases.<bold>Conclusion. </bold>The κ coefficient was 0.97 which demonstrates high concordance of MSI analyses using PCR and the developed NGS-based assay system.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>На сегодняшний день в рутинной клинической практике для определения микросателлитной нестабильности (MSI) и дефицита репарации ошибочно спаренных оснований (dMMR) используют стандартные методы на основе полимеразной цепной реакции (пЦР) или иммуногистохимического исследования. Выявление MSI с помощью метода высокопроизводительного секвенирования (секвенирования нового поколения – next generation sequencing, NGS) представляет особый интерес в связи с возможностью анализа большого количества микросателлитов, а также одновременного исследования альтераций в терапевтически значимых генах.<bold>Цель исследования </bold>– валидация ампликонной NGS-панели для анализа MSI и альтераций в генах, клинически значимых при колоректальном раке.<bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Высокопроизводительное секвенирование для анализа MSI проводилось на фиксированных в формалине и залитых парафином (FFPE) образцах пациентов с колоректальным раком всех стадий с использованием ампликонной панели «Соло-тест Драйвер» (Россия), охватывающей 38 генов и 39 коротких тандемных повторов (мононуклеотидов). В качестве референсного метода применяли пЦР по 5 локусам (BAT25, BAT26, NR21, NR24 и NR27). В ходе NGS MSI оценивали на основе распределения κ-меров. Статистический анализ проводили с использованием коэффициента каппа коэна (κ), u-критерия Манна–Уитни и точного теста Фишера.<bold>Результаты. </bold>Разработана ампликонная NGS-панель для анализа MSI в 39 локусах, а также альтераций в 39 генах, которая провалидирована на 160 архивных FFPE-образцах колоректального рака. по результатам ПЦР 42 (26,25 %) образца оказались MSI-положительными, 118 (73,75 %) – MSI-отрицательными. Результаты ПЦР и NGS были конкордантными в 98,75 % (158/160) случаев.<bold>Заключение. </bold>коэффициент κ составил 0,97, что свидетельствует о высокой конкордантности анализа MSI с помощью ПЦР и разработанной тест-системы на основе NGS.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>high-throughput sequencing</kwd><kwd>next generation sequencing</kwd><kwd>microsatellite</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>высокопроизводительное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>секвенирование нового поколения</kwd><kwd>микросателлитная нестабильность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 22-75-10154).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда (грант № 22-75-10154).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Baretti M., Le D.T. DNA mismatch repair in cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2018;189:45–62. DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.04.004 2. Ma J., Setton J., Lee N.Y. et al. The therapeutic significance of mutational signatures from DNA repair deficiency in cancer. Nat Commun 2018;9(1):3292. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05228-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Lepore Signorile M., Disciglio V., Di Carlo G. et al. From genetics to histomolecular characterization: an insight into colorectal carcinogenesis in Lynch syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22(13):6767. DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136767</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Lower S.S., McGurk M.P., Clark A.G. et al. Satellite DNA evolution: old ideas, new approaches. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2018;49:70–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2018.03.003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Kavun A., Veselovsky E., Lebedeva A. et al. Microsatellite instability: a review of molecular epidemiology and implications for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Cancers 2023;15(8):2288. DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082288</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Luchini C., Bibeau F., Ligtenberg M.J.L. et al. ESMO recommendations on microsatellite instability testing for immunotherapy in cancer, and its relationship with PD-1/PD-L1 expression and tumour mutational burden: a systematic reviewbased approach. Ann Oncol 2019;30(8):1232–43. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz116</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Yakushina V., Kavun A., Veselovsky E. et al. Microsatellite Instability detection: the current standards, limitations, and misinterpretations. JCO Precis Oncol 2023;7:e2300010. DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00010</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Amato M., Franco R., Facchini G. et al. Microsatellite instability: from the implementation of the detection to a prognostic and predictive role in cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23(15):8726. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158726</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Umar A., Boland C.R., Terdiman J.P. et al. Revised Bethesda guidelines for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) and microsatellite instability. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96(4):261–8. DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djh034</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Goel A., Nagasaka T., Hamelin R. et al. An optimized pentaplex PCR for detecting DNA mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancers. PLoS One 2010;5(2):e9393. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009393</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Coelho H., Jones-Hughes T., Snowsill T. et al. A systematic review of test accuracy studies evaluating molecular micro-satellite instability testing for the detection of individuals with Lynch syndrome. BMC Cancer 2017;17(1):836. DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3820-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Parente P., Grillo F., Vanoli A. et al. The day-to-day practice of MMR and MSI assessment in colorectal adenocarcinoma: what we know and what we still need to explore. Dig Dis 2023;41(5):746–56. DOI: 10.1159/000531003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Ukkola I., Nummela P., Kero M., Ristimäki A. Diagnostic performance of Idylla MSI test in colorectal cancer biopsies. Diagn Pathol 2023;18(1):39. DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01328-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Cohen R., Hain E., Buhard O. et al. Association of primary resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer with misdiagnosis of microsatellite instability or mismatch repair deficiency status. JAMA Oncol 2019;5(4):551–5. DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.4942</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Shia J. The diversity of tumours with microsatellite instability: molecular mechanisms and impact upon microsatellite instability testing and mismatch repair protein immunohistochemistry. Histopathology 2020;78(4):485–97. DOI: 10.1111/his.14271</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Cortes-Ciriano I., Lee S., Park W.Y. et al. A molecular portrait of microsatellite instability across multiple cancers. Nat Commun 2017;8(1):15180. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15180</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Yang R.K., Chen H., Roy-Chowdhuri S. et al. Clinical testing for mismatch repair in neoplasms using multiple laboratory methods. Cancers 2022;14(19):4550. DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194550</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Kim T.M., Laird P.W., Park P.J. The landscape of microsatellite instability in colorectal and endometrial cancer genomes. Cell 2013;155(4):858–68. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.10.015</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Kuismanen S.A., Moisio A.L., Schweizer P. et al. Endometrial and colorectal tumors from patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer display different patterns of microsatellite instability. Am J Pathol 2002;160(6):1953–8. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)61144-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Gilson P., Merlin J.L., Harlé A. Detection of microsatellite instability: state of the art and future applications in circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA). Cancers 2021;13(7):1491. DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071491</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Ratovomanana T., Cohen R., Svrcek M. et al. Performance of next-generation sequencing for the detection of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer with deficient DNA mismatch repair. Gastroenterology 2021;161(3):814–26.e7. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.05.007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Lebedeva A., Belova E., Grigoreva T. et al. MSI detection by NGS using tumor samples and liquid biopsy for patients with solid tumors: a single institution experience. Ann Oncol 2023;8(1):1–55. DOI: 10.1016/esmoop/esmoop101646</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Cisneros-Villanueva M., Hidalgo-Pérez L., Rios-Romero M. et al. Cell-free DNA analysis in current cancer clinical trials: a review. Br J Cancer 2022;126(3):391–400. DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01696-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Yu F., Makrigiorgos A., Leong K.W. et al. Sensitive detection of microsatellite instability in tissues and liquid biopsies: recent developments and updates. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021;19:4931–40. DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.037</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Jia P., Yang X., Guo L. et al. MSIsensor-pro: fast, accurate, and matched-normal-sample-free detection of microsatellite instability. Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics 2020;18(1):65–71. DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2020.02.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Trabucco S.E., Gowen K., Maund S.L. et al. A novel nextgeneration sequencing approach to detecting microsatellite instability and pan-tumor characterization of 1000 microsatellite instability-high cases in 67,000 patient samples. J Mol Diagn 2019;21(6):1053–66. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2019.06.011</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Zhao L., Shan G., Li L. et al. A robust method for the rapid detection of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer. Oncol Letters 2020;20(2):1982–8. DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11702</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Froyen G., Geerdens E., Berden S. et al. Diagnostic validation of a comprehensive targeted panel for broad mutational and biomarker analysis in solid tumors. Cancers 2022;14(10):2457. DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102457</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Zheng K., Wan H., Zhang J. et al. A novel NGS-based microsatellite instability (MSI) status classifier with 9 loci for colorectal cancer patients. J Transl Med 2020;18(1):215. DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02373-1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Gan C., Love C., Beshay V. et al. Applicability of next generation sequencing technology in microsatellite instability testing. Genes 2015;6(1):46–59. DOI: 10.3390/genes6010046</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Hirotsu Y., Nagakubo Y., Amemiya K. et al. Microsatellite instability status is determined by targeted sequencing with MSIcall in 25 cancer types. Clinica Chimica Acta 2020;502:207–13. DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.11.002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Yuza K., Nagahashi M., Watanabe S. et al. Hypermutation and microsatellite instability in gastrointestinal cancers. Oncotarget 2017;8(67):112103–15. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22783</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Goodman A.M., Sokol E.S., Frampton G.M. et al. Microsatellitestable tumors with high mutational burden benefit from immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(10):1570–3. DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0149</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>McGivern A., Wynter C.V.A., Whitehall V.L.J. et al. Promoter hypermethylation frequency and BRAF mutations distinguish hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer from sporadic MSI-H colon cancer. Familial Cancer 2002;3(2):101–7. DOI: 10.1023/b:fame.0000039861.30651.c8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Bond C.E., Liu C., Kawamata F. et al. Oncogenic BRAF mutation induces DNA methylation changes in a murine model for human serrated colorectal neoplasia. Epigenetics 2018;13(1):40–8. DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1411446</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
