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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Успехи молекулярной онкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-805X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">759</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2313-805X-2025-12-1-67-75</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical and laboratory significance of soluble claudin-5 and VEGF in ovarian cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинико-лабораторное значение растворимой формы клаудина-5 и VEGF при раке яичников</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-4127</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kushlinskii</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кушлинский</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Nikolai Evgenievich Kushlinskii </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia;</p><p>4 Dolgorukovskaya St., Moscow 127006, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николай Евгеньевич Кушлинский  </p><p>Россия, 115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p><p>Россия, 127006 Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, 4 </p></bio><email>biochimia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1463-4563</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikova</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликова</surname><given-names>С. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Dolgorukovskaya St., Moscow 127006, Russia;</p><p>27 Istra, Moscow Region 143515, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 127006 Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, 4;</p><p>Россия, 143515 Московская обл., п. Истра, 27 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5435-2123</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gugnin</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гугнин</surname><given-names>Ф. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Dolgorukovskaya St., Moscow 127006, Russia;</p><p>27 Istra, Moscow Region 143515, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 127006 Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, 4;</p><p>Россия, 143515 Московская обл., п. Истра, 27 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8746-7217</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nezhdanova</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нежданова</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Dolgorukovskaya St., Moscow 127006, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 127006 Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, 4</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2137-1866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gratchev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грачев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6620-2073</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Utkin</surname><given-names>D. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уткин</surname><given-names>Д. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>27 Istra, Moscow Region 143515, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 143515 Московская обл., п. Истра, 27 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1561-9681</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsekatunov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цекатунов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>164 Voronezhskaya St., Khabarovsk 680035, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 680035 Хабаровск, ул. Воронежская, 164 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7572-6118</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhavskaya</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжавская</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>164 Voronezhskaya St., Khabarovsk 680035, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 680035 Хабаровск, ул. Воронежская, 164</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1490-8418</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kushlinskiy</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кушлинский</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>164 Voronezhskaya St., Khabarovsk 680035, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 680035 Хабаровск, ул. Воронежская, 164</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3321-801X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gershtein</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герштейн</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia;</p><p>4 Dolgorukovskaya St., Moscow 127006, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p><p>Россия, 127006 Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, 4 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0493-1166</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stilidi</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стилиди</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian University of Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow City Oncological Hospital No. 62, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Московская городская онкологическая больница № 62 Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Clinical Oncology Center, Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Territory Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">КГБУЗ «Краевой клинический центр онкологии» Минздрава Хабаровского края</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-15"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-15"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Kushlinskii N.E., Kulikova S.E., Gugnin F.A., Nezhdanova S.Y., Gratchev A.N., Utkin D.O., Tsekatunov D.A., Ryzhavskaya I.B., Kushlinskiy D.N., Gershtein E.S., Stilidi I.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Кушлинский Н.Е., Куликова С.Е., Гугнин Ф.А., Нежданова С.Ю., Грачев А.Н., Уткин Д.О., Цекатунов Д.А., Рыжавская И.Б., Кушлинский Д.Н., Герштейн Е.С., Стилиди И.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kushlinskii N.E., Kulikova S.E., Gugnin F.A., Nezhdanova S.Y., Gratchev A.N., Utkin D.O., Tsekatunov D.A., Ryzhavskaya I.B., Kushlinskiy D.N., Gershtein E.S., Stilidi I.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кушлинский Н.Е., Куликова С.Е., Гугнин Ф.А., Нежданова С.Ю., Грачев А.Н., Уткин Д.О., Цекатунов Д.А., Рыжавская И.Б., Кушлинский Д.Н., Герштейн Е.С., Стилиди И.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/759">https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/759</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>Claudin 5 is belongs to a family of transmembrane proteins mediating formation of tight junctions between cells, maintenance of cell polarity in epithelial and endothelial layers, regulation of cell membrane permeability, and control of signal transduction inside the cells. Results of a small number of studies show that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) also affects formation of tight junctions, in particular through regulation of claudin 5 expression. In addition to their physiological functions, claudin 5 and VEGF play an important role in pathogenesis of various diseases including malignant neoplasms.<bold>Aim. </bold>To study the levels of claudin 5 and VEGF in serum of patients with ovarian cancer and evaluate their clinical significance.<bold>Materials and methods. </bold>In total, 123 patients with ovarian cancer (median age 54 years) and 32 control group healthy women (median age 54 years) were examined. Claudin 5 and VEGF levels in serum were measured prior to treatment using Human CLDN5 (Claudin 5) ELISA Kit (Elabscience, China) and Human VEGF Immunoassay (Quantikine®, R&amp;D Systems, uSA) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using the GraphPad Prizm v. 10 software. The values were compared and their correlations quantified using nonparametric Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis tests and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Overall survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method.<bold>Results. </bold>Claudin 5 was found in serum of 97 % of patients with ovarian cancer and 94 % of the control group women. Median (1st quartile (Q1) – 3rd quartile (Q3)) level of claudin 5 in serum of healthy women was 0.77 (0.48–1.17) ng/mL, patients with ovarian cancer – 0.95 (0.43–1.77) mg/mL. ROC analysis of informational value of claudin 5 in ovarian cancer showed unsatisfactory diagnostic accuracy of the model (area under the ROC curve (AuC) 0.613 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.513–0.713); <italic>p </italic>= 0.049): for median threshold value of 0.95 ng/mL the assay had sensitivity of 50 % and specificity of 60 %. VEGF was found in all patients with ovarian cancer and healthy women; median (Q1–Q3) VEGF level in serum of healthy women was 45.6 (13.3–89.09) pg/mL and was statistically significantly lower than in patients with ovarian cancer: 274.7 ng/mL (199.0–472.5). ROC analysis for ovarian cancer showed good diagnostic accuracy of the model (AuC 0.942 (95 % CI 0.886–0.997); <italic>p </italic>&lt;0.0001) which allows to use serum VEGF level as a diagnostic criterion. The best results for sensitivity and specificity (71 and 100 %, respectively) were obtained at VEGF threshold level of 226.2 pg/mL. Serum claudin 5 and VEGF levels are associated with ovarian cancer progression. However, claudin 5 and VEGF are not statistically significant prognostic markers for this disease.<bold>Conclusion. </bold>Serum levels of VEGF and claudin 5 in patients with ovarian cancer are significantly higher than in control group women and positively correlate with each other. Additionally, VEGF has relatively good diagnostic characteristics compared to healthy women of the control group. VEGF and claudin 5 levels are associated with the presence of distant metastases which points at their potential role in tumor progression. However, at this research stage, these markers cannot be recommended as diagnostic or prognostic criteria in ovarian cancer and require further study.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>клаудин-5 относится к семейству трансмембранных белков, участвующих в формировании плотных межклеточных контактов, поддержании полярности клеток в эпителиальных и эндотелиальных слоях, регуляции проницаемости клеточных мембран и контроле передачи сигналов внутри клетки. Результаты немногочисленных исследований показывают, что фактор роста эндотелия сосудов (VEGF) также влияет на формирование плотных контактов, в частности регулируя экспрессию клаудина-5. помимо физиологических функций клаудин-5 и VEGF имеют большое значение в патогенезе различных заболеваний, в том числе злокачественных новообразований.<bold>Цель исследования </bold>– изучить содержание клаудина-5 и VEGF в сыворотке крови больных раком яичников (РЯ) и провести анализ их клинической значимости.<bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Обследованы 123 больных РЯ (медиана возраста – 54 года) и 32 здоровые женщины группы контроля (медиана возраста – 54 года). концентрацию клаудина-5 и VEGF в сыворотке крови определяли до начала лечения с помощью наборов реактивов для прямого иммуноферментного анализа Human CLDN5 (Claudin 5) ELISA Kit (Elabscience, китай) и Human VEGF Immunoassay (Quantikine®, R&amp;D Systems, США) в соответствии с инструкциями производителей. Статистический анализ полученных результатов выполняли с использованием GraphPad Prizm v. 10. Для сравнения показателей и оценки их взаимосвязей применяли непараметрические критерии Манна–Уитни, краскела–Уоллиса и коэффициент ранговой корреляции Спирмена. Анализ общей выживаемости проводили с помощью метода каплана–Майера.<bold>Результаты. </bold>клаудин-5 выявлен в сыворотке крови 97 % больных РЯ и 94 % женщин группы контроля. Медиана (1-й квартиль (Q1) – 3-й квартиль (Q3)) содержания клаудина-5 в сыворотке крови здоровых женщин составила 0,77 (0,48–1,17) нг/мл, пациенток с РЯ – 0,95 (0,43–1,77) нг/мл. ROC-анализ информативности клаудина-5 при РЯ показал неудовлетворительную диагностическую точность модели (площадь под ROC-кривой (AuC) 0,613 (95 % доверительный интервал (Ди) 0,513–0,713); <italic>p </italic>= 0,049): при медианном пороговом уровне 0,95 нг/мл тест обладал 50 % чувствительностью и 60 % специфичностью. VEGF выявлен у всех больных РЯ и здоровых женщин, медиана (Q1–Q3) содержания VEGF в сыворотке крови здоровых женщин составила 45,6 (13,3–89,09) пг/мл и была статистически значимо ниже, чем у больных РЯ – 274,7 нг/мл (199,0–472,5). ROC-анализ для РЯ показал хорошую диагностическую точность модели (AuC 0,942 (95 % Ди 0,886–0,997); <italic>p </italic>&lt;0,0001), позволяющую использовать уровень VEGF в сыворотке крови в качестве диагностического критерия. Наилучшие показатели чувствительности и специфичности (71 и 100 % соответственно) достигнуты при пороговом уровне VEGF 226,2 пг/мл. Содержание клаудина-5 и VEGF в сыворотке крови ассоциировано с показателями прогрессирования РЯ. при этом клаудин-5 и VEGF не являются статистически значимыми прогностическими маркерами данного заболевания.<bold>Заключение. </bold>Уровни VEGF и клаудина-5 в сыворотке крови больных РЯ статистически значимо выше, чем у женщин группы контроля, и положительно коррелируют между собой. при этом у пациенток с РЯ VEGF обладает довольно хорошими диагностическими характеристиками по сравнению со здоровыми женщинами. Уровни VEGF и клаудина-5 ассоциированы с наличием отдаленных метастазов, что свидетельствует об их потенциальной роли в прогрессировании опухоли. Тем не менее на данном этапе исследований эти маркеры не могут быть рекомендованы в качестве диагностических или прогностических критериев при РЯ и требуют дальнейшего изучения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ovarian cancer</kwd><kwd>claudin 5</kwd><kwd>vascular endothelial growth factor</kwd><kwd>blood serum</kwd><kwd>ovarian cancer diagnosis</kwd><kwd>disease prognosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак яичников</kwd><kwd>клаудин-5</kwd><kwd>фактор роста эндотелия сосудов</kwd><kwd>сыворотка крови</kwd><kwd>диагностика рака яичников</kwd><kwd>прогноз заболевания</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Burke W., Barkley J., Barrows E. et al. Executive summary of the ovarian cancer evidence review conference. Obstet Gynecol 2023;142(1):179–95. 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