Advances in Molecular OncologyAdvances in Molecular OncologyУспехи молекулярной онкологии2313-805X2413-3787Publishing House ABV Press78110.17650/2313-805X-2025-12-2-8-21REVIEW ARTICLESОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИPrognostic and predictive molecular biomarkers of colorectal cancerПрогностические и предиктивные молекулярные биомаркеры колоректального ракаhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4879-4359ShakhmatovaA. D.ШахматоваА. Д.
Russian Federation

1 Orlova Roshcha Microdistrict, Gatchina 188300

 188300 Гатчина, мкр. Орлова роща, 1 

MirlinaE. D.МирлинаЕ. Д.
Russian Federation

1 Orlova Roshcha Microdistrict, Gatchina 188300

 188300 Гатчина, мкр. Орлова роща, 1 

ButrovichG. M.БутровичГ. М.
Russian Federation

1 Orlova Roshcha Microdistrict, Gatchina 188300

 188300 Гатчина, мкр. Орлова роща, 1 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3560-9396VostriukhinaO. A.ВострюхинаО. А.
Russian Federation

1 Orlova Roshcha Microdistrict, Gatchina 188300

 188300 Гатчина, мкр. Орлова роща, 1 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6264-2688VerbenkoV. N.ВербенкоВ. Н.
Russian Federation

Valery Nikolaevich Verbenko

1 Orlova Roshcha Microdistrict, Gatchina 188300

 Валерий Николаевич Вербенко 

 188300 Гатчина, мкр. Орлова роща, 1 

verbenko_vn@pnpi.nrcki.ruPetersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”ФГБУ «Петербургский институт ядерной физики им. Б.П. Константинова Национального исследовательского центра «Курчатовский институт»150520251228212706202527062025Copyright ©; 2025, Shakhmatova A.D., Mirlina E.D., Butrovich G.M., Vostriukhina O.A., Verbenko V.N.Copyright ©; 2025, Шахматова А.Д., Мирлина Е.Д., Бутрович Г.М., Вострюхина О.А., Вербенко В.Н.2025Shakhmatova A.D., Mirlina E.D., Butrovich G.M., Vostriukhina O.A., Verbenko V.N.Шахматова А.Д., Мирлина Е.Д., Бутрович Г.М., Вострюхина О.А., Вербенко В.Н.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/781

лукиан самосаткийThe search and application of genetic prognostic and predictive biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC) are aimed at identifying the characteristics of colorectal tumors for choosing a therapy strategy. The review is devoted to summarizing the achievements in scientific and clinical research on this topic.

Aim. Based on genetic and epigenetic changes in CRC to analyze and summarize the world practice of using them as prognostic and predictive biomarkers of CRC to assess the patient’s prognosis and response to therapy.

The analysis of modern literature data published in leading peer-reviewed journals in the Russian and international databases of scientific citation RSCI (Russian Science Citation Index), Medline and PubMed is carried out. The main phenotypes of the CRC pathogenesis are considered, as well as their possible functional intersections during the development of the disease. Both biomarkers already used in global clinical practice and potential promising biomarkers, including gene expression, are analyzed to identify subgroups of patients with high cancer risk at early stages of CRC. As a new approach from the perspective of personalized medicine, a set of tumor derivatives in biological media detected by liquid biopsy: circulating tumor cells, circulating DNA, microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs is considered as biomarkers. It is noted that the joint use of biomarkers makes it possible to improve the prognosis and selection of therapeutic effects. A review of the literature confirms that modern methods of genetic analysis make a significant contribution to understanding the molecular mechanisms of CRC progression and resistance to antitumor therapy, thereby facilitating the selection of the most appropriate treatment strategy. To assess the potential of individual CRC biomarkers or biomarker panels, large-scale standardized studies and verification of these biomarkers in prospective international programs are necessary.

Поиск и применение генетических прогностических и предиктивных биомаркеров колоректального рака (КРР) направлены на выявление особенностей колоректальных опухолей для выбора стратегии терапии. В статье обобщены результаты научных и клинических исследований по этой теме. Цель работы – проанализировать и обобщить мировую практику использования генетических и эпигенетических изменений в качестве прогностических и предсказательных биомаркеров при инициации и прогрессировании КРР. В статье проанализированы данные исследований, опубликованных в российских и международных базах данных научного цитирования: РИНЦ (Российский индекс научного цитирования), Medline и PubMed. Рассмотрены основные фенотипы патогенеза КРР, а также их возможные функциональные пересечения при развитии заболевания. Также проанализированы уже используемые в мировой клинической практике и потенциальные, перспективные биомаркеры, в том числе экспрессия генов, для выявления подгрупп пациентов повышенного онкологического риска на ранних стадиях КРР. С позиции персонализированной медицины в качестве нового подхода к диагностике и прогнозу в качестве биомаркеров рассматриваются дериваты опухоли в биологических средах, выявляемые при жидкостной биопсии: циркулирующие опухолевые клетки, циркулирующие ДНК, микроРНК, длинные некодирующие РНК. Выявлено, что совместное использование биомаркеров позволяет улучшить прогноз и выбрать оптимальное терапевтическое воздействие. Результаты анализа данных литературы подтверждают, что современные методы генетического анализа вносят значимый вклад в понимание молекулярных механизмов прогрессирования КРР и его устойчивости к противоопухолевой терапии, что облегчает выбор наиболее правильной стратегии лечения. Для оценки потенциала отдельных биомаркеров или биомаркерных панелей КРР необходимы крупномасштабные стандартизированные исследования и проверка этих биомаркеров в рамках проспективных международных программ.

genetic biomarkerepigenetic biomarkercolorectal cancermolecular pathogenesisliquid biopsygene expression panelantitumor therapyгенетический биомаркерэпигенетический биомаркерколоректальный ракмолекулярный патогенезжидкостная биопсияпанель экспрессии геновпротивоопухолевая терапияThe work was carried out in accordance with the Thematic Plan of the Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, topic “Promising developments: new technologies, applied research” (registration number 122041900064-5).Работа проведена в соответствии с тематическим планом ФГБУ «Петербургский институт ядерной физики им. Б.П. Константинова Национального исследовательского центра «Курчатовский институт», тема «Перспективные разработки: новые технологии, прикладные исследования» (регистрационный номер 122041900064-5).TNM classification of malignant tumours, 8th edn. Ed. by J.D. Brierley, M.K. Gospodarowicz, C. Wittekind. 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