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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Успехи молекулярной онкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-805X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">798</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2313-805X-2026-13-1-103-112</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of polymorphic variants of the <italic>ERCC1</italic> and <italic>ERCC2</italic> genes in the development of gastric cancer in the Kyrgyz population</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль полиморфных вариантов генов <italic>ERCC1</italic> и <italic>ERCC2</italic> в развитии рака желудка в кыргызской популяции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0820-8987</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1584-6430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakirov</surname><given-names>Nurbek D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакиров</surname><given-names>Нурбек Дуйшенбаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KG">Kyrgyzstan</country></address><email>nurbek.bakirov.1977@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3681-6939</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Isakova</surname><given-names>Zh. T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исакова</surname><given-names>Ж. Т.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KG">Kyrgyzstan</country></address><email>nurbek.bakirov.1977@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7822-0746</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kipen</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кипень</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><email>nurbek.bakirov.1977@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7937-2330</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Toygonbekov</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тойгонбеков</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KG">Kyrgyzstan</country></address><email>rbek.bakirov.1977@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8471-0813</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Omurbaev</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омурбаев</surname><given-names>Э. Э.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KG">Kyrgyzstan</country></address><email>nurbek.bakirov.1977@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-6123</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ramaldanov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рамалданов</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nurbek.bakirov.1977@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Center of Oncology and Hematology, Ministry of Kyrgyz Republic</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный центр онкологии и гематологии Министерства здравоохранения Кыргызской Республики</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kyrgyz National University named after Zhusup Balasagyn</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кыргызский национальный университет им. Жусупа Баласагына</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">International Scientific and Educational Center for Innovative Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ТOO «Международный научно-образовательный центр инновационной медицины»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>103</fpage><lpage>112</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-29"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Bakirov N.D., Isakova Z.T., Kipen V.N., Toygonbekov A.K., Omurbaev E.E., Ramaldanov R.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Бакиров Н.Д., Исакова Ж.Т., Кипень В.Н., Тойгонбеков А.К., Омурбаев Э.Э., Рамалданов Р.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bakirov N.D., Isakova Z.T., Kipen V.N., Toygonbekov A.K., Omurbaev E.E., Ramaldanov R.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бакиров Н.Д., Исакова Ж.Т., Кипень В.Н., Тойгонбеков А.К., Омурбаев Э.Э., Рамалданов Р.А.</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/798">https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/798</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Gastric cancer is an aggressive malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Its onset and development are associated with genetic and external factors. Abnormalities in DNA repair genes, for example ERCC1 and ERCC2, can play a role in the development of this disease.</p> <p>Aim. To determine prognostic significance of ERCC1 (rs11615, rs3212986) and ERCC2 (rs13181) gene polymorphisms in the development of gastric cancer in the Kyrgyz population.</p> <p>Materials and methods. The study included 123 patients with malignant tumors of the stomach and 138 healthy individuals belonging to the Kyrgyz ethnic group. Genotyping was performed using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis included Fisher’s exact test and calculation of odds ratio (OR) for evaluation of associations between genotypes and clinical parameters. Genotyping results, histological and morphological tumor structures, patient age, tumor growth and location were compared using Fisher’s exact test. OR was determined through cross-tabulation.</p> <p>Results. Statistically significant association of CC genotype of the ERCC1 (rs3212986) polymorphic locus with patient age (41–50 and 61–70 years) was found. Genotypes TG and TT of the ERCC2 (rs13181) gene were associated with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Additionally, it was shown that CA genotype and A allele of the rs3212986 (ERCC1) polymorphism can play a protective role decreasing the likelihood of gastric cancer development in the Kyrgyz population (OR 0.472; 95 % confidence interval 0.287–0.785 and OR 0.676; 95 % confidence interval 0.464–0.991 for CC genotype and allele A, respectively) (р = 0.046).</p> <p>Conclusion. Polymorphisms of the ERCC1 and ERCC2 genes can be associated with the risk of gastric cancer development in the Kyrgyz population. These data show the necessity of further studies investigating the role of these genes in gastric cancer and development of strategies for its prevention and treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Введение. Рак желудка является агрессивной злокачественной опухолью желудочно-кишечного тракта человека. Его возникновение и развитие связаны с генетическими и внешними факторами. Нарушения в генах репарации ДНК, таких как ERCC1 и ERCC2, могут играть большую роль в развитии данного заболевания.</p> <p>Цель<italic> </italic>исследования <italic>– </italic>определить прогностическую значимость полиморфизмов генов<italic> ERCC1</italic> (rs11615, rs3212986) и <italic>ERCC2</italic> (rs13181) в развитии рака желудка в кыргызской популяции.</p> <p>Материалы и методы. В исследование вошли 123 пациента со злокачественными новообразованиями желудка и 138 здоровых лиц кыргызской этнической группы. Генотипирование проводилось методом конкурентной аллель-специфической полимеразной цепной реакции. Статистический анализ включал использование точного критерия Фишера и расчет отношения шансов (ОШ) для оценки ассоциаций генотипов с клиническими параметрами. При сравнении результатов генотипирования, гистологической и морфологической структур опухоли, возраста пациентов, роста и локализации опухоли применялся точный критерий Фишера. ОШ определяли путем построения таблиц кросс-табуляции.</p> <p>Результаты. Выявлена статистически значимая ассоциация генотипа CC полиморфного локуса ERCC1 (rs3212986) с возрастом пациентов (41–50 и 61–70 лет). Генотипы TG и TT гена ERCC2 (rs13181) были связаны с малодифференцированной аденокарциномой. Также установлено, что генотип CA и аллель А полиморфизма rs3212986 (ERCC1) могут выполнять протективную роль, снижая вероятность развития рака желудка в кыргызской популяции (ОШ 0,472; 95 % доверительный интервал 0,287–0,785 и ОШ 0,676; 95 % доверительный интервал 0,464–0,991 для генотипа СС и аллеля А соответственно) (р = 0,046).</p> <p>Заключение. Полиморфизмы генов ERCC1 и ERCC2 могут быть связаны с риском развития рака желудка в кыргызской популяции. Полученные данные указывают на необходимость дальнейших исследований для уточнения роли этих генов в патогенезе рака желудка и разработки стратегий его профилактики и лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gastric cancer</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>ERCC1</kwd><kwd>ERCC2</kwd><kwd>Kyrgyz population</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак желудка</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>ERCC1</kwd><kwd>ERCC2</kwd><kwd>кыргызская популяция</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Global Cancer Observatory. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available at: https://gco.iarc.fr/today/.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Theuer C.P. Asian gastric cancer patients at a southern California comprehensive cancer center are diagnosed with less advanced disease and have superior stage-stratified survival. 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