Advances in Molecular OncologyAdvances in Molecular OncologyУспехи молекулярной онкологии2313-805X2413-3787Publishing House ABV Press79910.17650/2313-805X-2025-12-4-24-37REVIEW ARTICLESОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИReview ArticleAntitumor mechanisms of acetylsalicylic acid: a review of current evidenceПротивоопухолевые механизмы действия ацетилсалициловой кислоты: обзор современных данныхhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7753-3081KuznetsovaO. A.КузнецоваО. А.
Russian Federation
maria.m.bratukhina@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5084-4872ManukyanM. S.МанукянМ. Ш.
Russian Federation
maria.m.bratukhina@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1920-5076LebedevaA. A.ЛебедеваА. А.
Russian Federation
maria.m.bratukhina@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2245-214XTryakinA. A.ТрякинА. А.
Russian Federation
maria.m.bratukhina@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5615-7806FedyaninM. Yu.ФедянинМ. Ю.
Russian Federation
maria.m.bratukhina@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-5399BratukhinaM. M.БратухинаМ. М.
Russian Federation
maria.m.bratukhina@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9807-2229TjulandinS. A.ТюляндинС. А.
Russian Federation
maria.m.bratukhina@gmail.comN.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава РоссииLLC “OncoAtlas”ООО «ОнкоАтлас»14122025124243704082025Copyright ©; 2025, Kuznetsova O.A., Manukyan M.S., Lebedeva A.A., Tryakin A.A., Fedyanin M.Y., Bratukhina M.M., Tjulandin S.A.Copyright ©; 2025, Кузнецова О.А., Манукян М.Ш., Лебедева А.А., Трякин А.А., Федянин М.Ю., Братухина М.М., Тюляндин С.А.2025Kuznetsova O.A., Manukyan M.S., Lebedeva A.A., Tryakin A.A., Fedyanin M.Y., Bratukhina M.M., Tjulandin S.A.Кузнецова О.А., Манукян М.Ш., Лебедева А.А., Трякин А.А., Федянин М.Ю., Братухина М.М., Тюляндин С.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/799

Acetylsalicylic acid, more commonly known as aspirin, has been used in clinical practice for decades as analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug. In recent years, its potential in prevention and therapy of oncological diseases has become a new topic of research.

The article summarizes modern data on molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying antitumor action of aspirin. The main targets of acetylsalicylic acid are cyclooxigenase-1 and cyclooxigenase-2, inhibition of which leads to a decrease in prostaglandin production and modulation of inflammatory response. Additionally, aspirin affects apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumor cells. Cyclooxigenases-independent mechanisms are also considered including activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), inhibition of nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) and RhoA/ROCK pathway; results of clinical trials investigating efficacy of aspirin in various malignant neoplasms including colorectal, breast and prostate cancers are presented. The review focuses on the necessity of further studies aimed at identification of predictive biomarkers and stratification of patients who can have the strongest response to therapy taking into account molecular and genetic profile of the tumors (for example, hyperexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 or alterations in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway).

Ацетилсалициловая кислота, более известная как аспирин, на протяжении десятилетий используется в клинической практике как анальгетик, жаропонижающее и противовоспалительное средство. В последние годы все большее внимание уделяется ее потенциалу в профилактике и терапии онкологических заболеваний.

В статье обобщены современные данные о молекулярных и клеточных механизмах, лежащих в основе противоопухолевого действия аспирина. Главными мишенями ацетилсалициловой кислоты являются циклооксигеназа-1 и циклооксигеназа-2, ингибирование которых приводит к снижению продукции простагландинов и модуляции воспалительного ответа. Кроме того, аспирин влияет на процессы апоптоза, пролиферации, ангиогенеза и метастазирования опухолевых клеток. В статье рассмотрены также независимые от циклооксигеназ механизмы, включая активацию AMP-зависимой протеинкиназы (AMPK), ингибирование транскрипционного ядерного фактора κB (NF-κB) и пути RhoA/ROCK, представлены результаты клинических исследований, посвященных оценке эффективности аспирина в отношении различных типов злокачественных новообразований, включая колоректальный рак, рак молочной и предстательной желез. В обзоре акцентируется внимание на необходимости проведения дальнейших исследований, направленных на идентификацию предиктивных биомаркеров и стратификацию пациентов, у которых может наблюдаться наибольший ответ на терапию с учетом молекулярно-генетического профиля опухоли (например, при гиперэкспрессии циклооксигеназы-2 или наличии альтераций сигнального пути PI3K/AKT).

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