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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Успехи молекулярной онкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-805X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">804</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2313-805X-2026-13-1-93-102</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Enzyme-enhanced immunocytochemical detection of cytoplasmic proteins in human leukocytes sorted by surface antigens using anti-CD antibody microarray</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Иммуноцитохимическая детекция внутриклеточных белков в лейкоцитах человека, рассортированных по поверхностным антигенам с помощью клеточного биочипа</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7131-8006</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedyanina</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федянина</surname><given-names>Ольга Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>foshope@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9475-3318</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakirova</surname><given-names>Anna O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Закирова</surname><given-names>Анна Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>a-doronina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8137-0625</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khamidullina</surname><given-names>Alvina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хамидуллина</surname><given-names>Альвина Ильвировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory of Molecular Oncobiology; Ufa Institute of Chemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборатория молекулярной онкобиологии, Уфимский институт химии</p></bio><email>alvina@genebiology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7117-0168</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khvastunova</surname><given-names>Alina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хвастунова</surname><given-names>Алина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alina_shunina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9607-101X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grebennik</surname><given-names>Ivan V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гребенник</surname><given-names>Иван Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>iv.grebennik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6460-9427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filatov</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филатов</surname><given-names>Александр Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>avfilat@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5946-0026</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>Sofya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Софья Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kuznetsova.sonya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Centre for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Centre for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «Центр теоретических проблем физико-химической фармакологии Российской академии наук»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «Институт органической химии им. Н.Д. Зелинского Российской академии наук»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «Институт биологии гена Российской академии наук»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Уфимский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр “Институт иммунологии” Федерального медико-биологического агентства России»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>93</fpage><lpage>102</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-13"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Fedyanina O.S., Zakirova A.O., Khamidullina A.I., Khvastunova A.N., Grebennik I.V., Filatov A.V., Kuznetsova S.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Федянина О.С., Закирова А.О., Хамидуллина А.И., Хвастунова А.Н., Гребенник И.В., Филатов А.В., Кузнецова С.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fedyanina O.S., Zakirova A.O., Khamidullina A.I., Khvastunova A.N., Grebennik I.V., Filatov A.V., Kuznetsova S.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Федянина О.С., Закирова А.О., Хамидуллина А.И., Хвастунова А.Н., Гребенник И.В., Филатов А.В., Кузнецова С.А.</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/804">https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/804</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Anti-cluster-of-differentiation (anti-CD) antibody microarray is an attractive multiplex analogue to leukocyte immunocytochemistry for surface markers. The transparent plastic microarray support permits to sort leukocytes by their surface lineage-specific markers making them available for subsequent high-resolution morphology examination. The combined data on the pathologic cells’ immunophenotype, morphology and cytochemistry from the microarray is sufficient to suggest preliminary diagnosis in many leukemia types. However, in some cases additional staining for internal markers is required, i.e. in T cell acute leukemia the T cell origin of the blasts can only be proved by the presence of cytoplasmic CD3 (cytCD3). Here we describe a new protocol of immunocytochemical detection of internal proteins in mononuclear cells captured by mouse anti-CD antibodies on the microarray surface. The protocol uses primary mouse FITC-conjugated (FITC – fluorescein isothiocyanate) antibodies against the target, secondary anti-FITC antibodies conjugated with alkaline phosphatase and colorimetric alkaline phosphatase substrate, BCIP/NBT. We show on normal leukocytes and leukemic cell lines that the protocol is sensitive and specific. The percentages of cytCD3-positive cells determined by this method in bone marrow aspirates of two patients with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia are in excellent agreement with flow cytometry results. This method expands the diagnostic capabilities of anti-CD antibody microarray.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Клеточный биочип – привлекательный аналог многоцветной иммуноцитохимии для определения поверхностных CD-антигенов лейкоцитов. Прозрачный пластиковый биочип позволяет сортировать лейкоциты по их поверхностным детерминантам для последующего морфологического исследования с высоким разрешением. Комбинации данных об иммунофенотипе, морфологических и цитохимических особенностях патологических клеток, полученных с помощью клеточного биочипа, достаточно для установления предварительного диагноза при многих типах лейкозов. Однако в некоторых случаях для этого необходимо определение цитоплазматических маркеров. Например, в случаях Т-клеточных лейкозов Т-клеточная природа бластов должна быть подтверждена наличием цитоплазматического CD3 (cytCD3).</p> <p>В статье представлен новый протокол иммуноцитохимической детекции внутриклеточных белков в мононуклеарных клетках, связавшихся с мышиными anti-CD-антителами на клеточном биочипе. В нем использованы первичные мышиные FITC-конъюгированные (FITC – флуоресцеин изотиоцианат) антитела к цитоплазматическим белкам-мишеням, вторичные anti-FITC-антитела, конъюгированные с щелочной фосфатазой, и колометрический субстрат BCIP/NBT для щелочной фосфатазы. На лейкоцитах здоровых доноров и лейкозных клеточных линиях мы показали, что протокол является довольно чувствительным и специфичным. Процент cytCD3-положительных клеток, определенный описанным методом в аспиратах костного мозга 2 пациентов с Т-клеточным острым лимфобластным лейкозом, подтверждается результатами проточной цитометрии. Данный метод расширяет диагностические возможности клеточного биочипа.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anti-CD antibody microarray</kwd><kwd>T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia</kwd><kwd>Jurkat cell line</kwd><kwd>CD3</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клеточный биочип</kwd><kwd>Т-клеточный острый лимфобластный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>клеточная линия Jurkat</kwd><kwd>CD3</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant (grant No. 25-25-20193).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда (грант № 25-25-20193).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bain B.J. Leukaemia Diagnosis 4th edn. 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