Advances in Molecular OncologyAdvances in Molecular OncologyУспехи молекулярной онкологии2313-805X2413-3787Publishing House ABV Press81210.17650/2313-805X-2025-12-3-8-25REVIEW ARTICLESОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИMultiple aspects of the chemotherapy effect on immune responseМножественные аспекты влияния противоопухолевой химиотерапии на иммунный ответhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3297-1680FedorenkoA. A.ФедоренкоА. А.
Russian Federation

Anastasia Alekseevna Fedorenko

5 Kooperativny Line, Tomsk 634009, Russia; 36 Lenin Prospekt, Tomsk 634050, Russia

Анастасия Алексеевна Федоренко 

Россия, 634009 Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5; Россия, 634050 Томск, пр-кт Ленина, 36

aafedorenko@onco.tnimc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2865-7576PatyshevaM. R.ПатышеваМ. Р.
Russian Federation

5 Kooperativny Line, Tomsk 634009, Russia

Россия, 634009 Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5

FedorovA. A.ФедоровА. А.
Russian Federation

5 Kooperativny Line, Tomsk 634009, Russia

Россия, 634009 Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0601-2240StakheyevaM. N.СтахееваМ. Н.
Russian Federation

5 Kooperativny Line, Tomsk 634009, Russia

Россия, 634009 Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1526-9013CherdyntsevaN. V.ЧердынцеваН. В.
Russian Federation

5 Kooperativny Line, Tomsk 634009, Russia; 36 Lenin Prospekt, Tomsk 634050, Russia

Россия, 634009 Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5; Россия, 634050 Томск, пр-кт Ленина, 36

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7283-0092GerashchenkoT. S.ГеращенкоТ. С.
Russian Federation

5 Kooperativny Line, Tomsk 634009, Russia

Россия, 634009 Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5

Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of SciencesНаучно-исследовательский институт онкологии ФГБНУ «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук»National Research Tomsk State UniversityФГАОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет»061020251238250510202505102025Copyright ©; 2025, Fedorenko A.A., Patysheva M.R., Fedorov A.A., Stakheyeva M.N., Cherdyntseva N.V., Gerashchenko T.S.Copyright ©; 2025, Федоренко А.А., Патышева М.Р., Федоров А.А., Стахеева М.Н., Чердынцева Н.В., Геращенко Т.С.2025Fedorenko A.A., Patysheva M.R., Fedorov A.A., Stakheyeva M.N., Cherdyntseva N.V., Gerashchenko T.S.Федоренко А.А., Патышева М.Р., Федоров А.А., Стахеева М.Н., Чердынцева Н.В., Геращенко Т.С.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/812

Suppression of tumor cell growth and proliferation is the main goal of chemotherapy which is an integral part of the treatment for cancer patients. In addition to high antitumor activity, the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents also extend to immune cells, resulting in pancytopenia and weakened immune response. Nevertheless, the effect of chemotherapy on the immune system is multifaceted, as it simultaneously exerts a suppressive influence while also stimulating the antitumor activity of lymphoid and myeloid populations. This review focuses on the analysis and generalization of modern data regarding the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs used in standard antitumor therapy regimens on the functioning of the immune system. The suppressive mechanisms of chemotherapy, including the development of cytopenia, are reviewed. Special attention is paid to the analysis of data on modulation of antitumor immune response depending on the class of chemotherapeutic agent. Mechanisms enhancing immune recognition and stimulating immune cells in response to increased expression of tumor antigens are described. The data regarding the effects of chemotherapy on the tumor microenvironment, including the reprogramming of immunosuppressive profiles and the activation of immune effectors, is presented. The summarized data underscore the dual nature of chemotherapy’s effects on the state of the immune system and its influence on the formation of antitumor immune responses.

Химиотерапия злокачественных новообразований направлена на подавление процессов роста и пролиферации опухолевых клеток и является неотъемлемой частью лечения онкологических больных. Наряду с высокой противоопухолевой активностью, цитотоксическое действие химиопрепаратов распространяется и на иммунные клетки, приводя к панцитопении и, как следствие, к ослаблению иммунного ответа. Тем не менее действие химиотерапии на иммунную систему носит комплексный характер, поскольку одновременно с супрессивным влиянием вызывает стимуляцию противоопухолевой активности лимфоидных и миелоидных популяций.Представленный обзор посвящен анализу и обобщению современных данных о влиянии химиотерапевтических препаратов, применяемых в стандартных схемах противоопухолевой терапии, на функционирование иммунной системы. Рассмотрены супрессорные механизмы действия химиотерапии, включая развитие цитопении. Особое внимание уделено анализу данных о модуляции противоопухолевого иммунного ответа в зависимости от группы химиотерапевтического препарата. Описаны механизмы усиления иммунного распознавания и стимуляции иммунных клеток в ответ на увеличение экспрессии опухолевых антигенов. Представлены сведения о влиянии химиотерапии на опухолевое микроокружение, включая перепрограммирование иммуносупрессорного профиля и активацию эффекторов иммунитета. Обобщенные данные указывают на разнонаправленное воздействие химиотерапии на состояние иммунной системы и ее влияние на формирование противоопухолевого иммунного ответа.

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