Advances in Molecular OncologyAdvances in Molecular OncologyУспехи молекулярной онкологии2313-805X2413-3787Publishing House ABV Press81310.17650/2313-805X-2025-12-3-26-35REVIEW ARTICLESОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИClonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and malignant neoplasmsКлональный гемопоэз неопределенного потенциала и злокачественные новообразованияhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0401-9900ShevchenkoV. E.ШевченкоВ. Е.
Russian Federation

Valery Evgenievich Shevchenko

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia

Валерий Евгеньевич Шевченко 

Россия, 115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

vshev2015@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9626-6847KushnirT. I.КушнирТ. И.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia

Россия, 115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2694-5232GudkovaM. V.ГудковаМ. В.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia

Россия, 115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0154-8604ArnotskayaN. E.АрноцкаяН. Е.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia

Россия, 115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России0610202512326350510202505102025Copyright ©; 2025, Shevchenko V.E., Kushnir T.I., Gudkova M.V., Arnotskaya N.E.Copyright ©; 2025, Шевченко В.Е., Кушнир Т.И., Гудкова М.В., Арноцкая Н.Е.2025Shevchenko V.E., Kushnir T.I., Gudkova M.V., Arnotskaya N.E.Шевченко В.Е., Кушнир Т.И., Гудкова М.В., Арноцкая Н.Е.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/813

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is associated with aging and is a risk factor of many diseases including malignant neoplasms (MNPs). It originates through somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem and/or progenitor cells, promotes development of hematological MNPs and underlies unfavorable prognosis in solid malignant tumors. Results of recent largescale genome-wide studies confirmed that CHIP plays a role in oncological diseases. Mutations associated with this pathology were found in stem and/or progenitor cells in patients with both hematological and solitary MNPs which indicates that CHIP potentially mediates development of malignant tumors. Cytotoxic chemoradiation therapy is closely associated with CHIP development and causes emergence of aggressive and treatment-resistant hematological MNPs. In patients with solitary MNPs, TET2 gene mutations with high variant allele frequencies were also found in the tumors. This phenomenon was named tumor-infiltrating clonal hemopoiesis. Further populational studies of patients with solitary MNPs will allow to evaluate the role of tumor-infiltrating clonal hemopoiesis in oncogenesis. The ability of age-associated somatic clonal expansions in one tissue, namely hematopoietic compartment, to affect oncogenesis in another tissue is a new concept requiring further investigation and potentially capable of providing deeper understanding of cancer biology.The review explores the association between CHIP, aging, and oncological diseases with a particular emphasis on solitary MNPs. The ways for better understanding of the role of CHIP in oncogenesis and possibilities of using its clinical potential for cancer treatment are discussed.

Клональный гемопоэз неопределенного потенциала (КГНП) связан со старением организма и является фактором риска развития многих заболеваний, включая злокачественные новообразования (ЗНО). Он возникает в результате соматических мутаций в гемопоэтических стволовых и/или прогениторных клетках, способствует развитию гематологических ЗНО и обусловливает неблагоприятный прогноз при солидных злокачественных опухолях. Результаты недавних широкомасштабных полногеномных исследований подтвердили участие КГНП в патогенезе онкологических заболеваний. Мутации, связанные с данной патологией, выявлены в стволовых и/или прогениторных клетках у пациентов как с гематологическими, так и с солитарными ЗНО, что указывает на потенциальную роль КГНП в возникновении злокачественных опухолей.Цитотоксическая химиолучевая терапия тесно связана с развитием КГНП и способствует появлению агрессивных и резистентных к лечению гематологических ЗНО. У больных с солитарными ЗНО в опухоли также обнаружены мутации в гене TET2 с высокой частотой вариационных аллелей. Это явление получило название «инфильтрирующий опухоль клональный гемопоэз». Дальнейшие исследования больших популяций больных с солитарными ЗНО позволят оценить роль инфильтрирующего опухоль клонального гемопоэза в онкогенезе. Способность ассоциированных с возрастом соматических клональных экспансий в одной ткани, такой как гемопоэтический компартмент, регулировать онкогенез в другой ткани представляет собой новую перспективу для более глубокого понимания биологии рака и требует изучения.В обзоре проанализирована связь между КГНП, старением организма и онкологическими заболеваниями, уделяется особое внимание солитарным ЗНО. Намечены пути лучшего понимания роли КГНП в онкогенезе и возможностей использования его клинического потенциала для лечения рака.

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