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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Успехи молекулярной онкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-805X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">815</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2313-805X-2025-12-3-46-56</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Tamoxifen and regulation of stress-induced senescence in breast cancer cells</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тамоксифен и регуляция стрессиндуцированного старения в клетках рака молочной железы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1299-9080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaevich</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михаевич</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6015-6619</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>O. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>О. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1264-7405</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2974-9555</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Scherbakov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербаков</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2078-4274</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopnin</surname><given-names>P. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копнин</surname><given-names>П. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2694-5232</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudkova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудкова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-7633</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasil’nikov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красильников</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail Alexandrovich Krasil’nikov</p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Александрович Красильников </p><p>Россия, 115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>krasilnikovm1@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-05"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-05"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Mikhaevich E.I., Andreeva O.E., Sorokin D.V., Scherbakov A.M., Kopnin P.B., Gudkova M.V., Krasil’nikov M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Михаевич Е.И., Андреева О.Е., Сорокин Д.В., Щербаков А.М., Копнин П.Б., Гудкова М.В., Красильников М.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikhaevich E.I., Andreeva O.E., Sorokin D.V., Scherbakov A.M., Kopnin P.B., Gudkova M.V., Krasil’nikov M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Михаевич Е.И., Андреева О.Е., Сорокин Д.В., Щербаков А.М., Копнин П.Б., Гудкова М.В., Красильников М.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/815">https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/815</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Tumor cells are known not to undergo replicative aging – usually due to hyperactivation of telomerase, which restores telomere length during each cell division cycle. However, it is possible to induce aging in tumor cells through sublethal doses of cytostatics or irradiation – this is the so-called stress-induced or non-replicative senescence. Studying the mechanisms and regulatory pathways of this process is one of the important areas of modern oncology.<bold>Aim.</bold> To investigate the mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced senescence in different breast cancer cell subtypes and to explore possible approaches to regulating non-replicative aging.<bold>Materials and methods. </bold>The experiments were performed on in vitro cultured breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Cellular senescence was assessed by β-galactosidase activity, morphological changes, and activation of the p53/p21 signaling pathway. Colorimetric assays, reporter analysis, and immunoblotting were used to evaluate the expression and activity of cellular proteins. DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) knockdown was achieved using a standard lentiviral vector encoding antisense RNA against DNMT3A.<bold>Results.</bold> A potentiating effect of tamoxifen on doxorubicin-induced senescence – including in estrogen-independent breast cancer cells – was demonstrated. Enhanced non-replicative senescence was observed in resistant cells characterized by constitutive suppression of DNMT3A expression. For the first time, it was shown that DNMT3A suppression – either via decitabine treatment or DNMT3A knockdown – leads to an increase and maintenance of non-replicative senescence in MCF-7 cells.<bold>Conclusion.</bold> The findings indicate that non-replicative senescence in breast cancer cells can be enhanced and sustained in the presence of the antiestrogen tamoxifen, and underscore the key role of DNMT3A in regulating doxorubicin-induced senescence.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Известно, что опухолевые клетки не подвержены репликативному старению – как правило, за счет гиперактивации теломеразы, восстанавливающей длину теломер при каждом цикле деления. В то же время инициировать старение в опухолевых клетках оказалось возможным при действии сублетальных доз цитостатиков или облучении – это так называемое стресс-индуцированное, или нерепликативное старение, исследование механизма и способов регуляции которого является одной из актуальных задач современной онкологии.<bold>Цель исследования</bold> – изучение механизмов доксорубицин-индуцированного старения клеток рака молочной железы различного происхождения и возможных подходов к регуляции нерепликативного старения.<bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Эксперименты проводились на культивируемых in vitro клетках рака молочной железы MCF-7 и MDA-MB-231. Степень старения клеток оценивали по уровню активации β-галактозидазы, изменению морфологии клеток и активации р53/р21-сигналинга. Для исследования экспрессии/активности клеточных белков использовали колориметрические методы, репортерный анализ и иммуноблоттинг. Нокдаун ДНК метилтрансферазы 3А (DNMT3A) проводили по стандартной методике с применением лентивирусного вектора, кодирующего antisense RNA DNMT3A.<bold>Результаты.</bold> Продемонстрирован потенцирующий эффект тамоксифена при развитии доксорубицин-индуцированного старения, в том числе в эстрогеннезависимых клетках рака молочной железы. Обнаружено усиление нерепликативного старения в резистентных клетках, характеризующихся конститутивным подавлением экспрессии DNMT3A. Впервые установлено, что подавление DNMT3A в присутствии децитабина или при нокдауне DNMT3A обеспечивает усиление и сохранение нерепликативного старения в клетках MCF-7.<bold>Заключение.</bold> Установлена возможность усиления и поддержания нерепликативного старения в клетках рака молочной железы в присутствии антиэстрогена тамоксифена, продемонстрировано значение DNMT3A в регуляции доксорубицин-индуцированного старения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>hormonal resistance</kwd><kwd>tamoxifen</kwd><kwd>aging</kwd><kwd>DNMT3A</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>гормональная резистентность</kwd><kwd>тамоксифен</kwd><kwd>старение</kwd><kwd>DNMT3A</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 24-15-00173; https://rscf.ru/project/24-15-00173/).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 24-15-00173; https://rscf.ru/project/24-15-00173/).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. 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