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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Успехи молекулярной онкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-805X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">816</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2313-805X-2025-12-3-57-69</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Urokinase receptor gene <italic>PLAUR</italic> as a regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition gene expression and migration of glioma and neuroblastoma cells</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ген рецептора урокиназы <italic>PLAUR</italic> как регулятор экспрессии генов эпителиально-мезенхимального перехода и миграции клеток глиом и нейробластом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3938-4798</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lasitsa</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ласица</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Universitetskaya St., Kaliningrad 236041, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 236041 Калининград, ул. Университетская, 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-7139</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antipina</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антипина</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Universitetskaya St., Kaliningrad 236041, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 236041 Калининград, ул. Университетская, 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3971-7668</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назарова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Universitetskaya St., Kaliningrad 236041, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 236041 Калининград, ул. Университетская, 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7166-7406</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubina</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубина</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bld. 10, 27 Lomonosovsky Prospekt, Moscow 119234, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 119234 Москва, Ломоносовский пр-кт, 27, корп. 10</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9885-9056</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sysoeva</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сысоева</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bld. 10, 27 Lomonosovsky Prospekt, Moscow 119234, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 119234 Москва, Ломоносовский пр-кт, 27, корп. 10</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3927-9286</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Vladimirovna Semina</p><p>2 Universitetskaya St., Kaliningrad 236041, Russia; Bld. 10, 27 Lomonosovsky Prospekt, Moscow 119234, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Владимировна Семина</p><p>Россия, 236041 Калининград, ул. Университетская, 2; Россия, 119234 Москва, Ломоносовский пр-кт, 27, корп. 10</p></bio><email>e-semina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Laboratory of Translational Research, Institute of Medicine and Life Sciences, I. Kant Baltic Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Лаборатория трансляционных исследований, ОНК «Институт медицины и наук о жизни», ФГАОУ ВО «Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Laboratory of Mechanisms of Morphogenesis and Tissue Repair, Medical Research and Education Institute, Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Лаборатория морфогенеза и репарации тканей,  Медицинский научно-образовательный институт, ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-08"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-08"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Lasitsa A.V., Antipina M.I., Nazarova D.A., Rubina K.A., Sysoeva V.Y., Semina E.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Ласица А.В., Антипина М.И., Назарова Д.А., Рубина К.А., Сысоева В.Ю., Семина Е.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lasitsa A.V., Antipina M.I., Nazarova D.A., Rubina K.A., Sysoeva V.Y., Semina E.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ласица А.В., Антипина М.И., Назарова Д.А., Рубина К.А., Сысоева В.Ю., Семина Е.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/816">https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/816</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> The proteins of the urokinase system, including serine protease urokinase (uPA), its receptor (uPAR), and inhibitors PAI-1 and PAI-2, play a key role in tumor biology by influencing cellular proliferation and tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Despite the established role of these proteins in the carcinogenesis of many tumor types, the mechanisms underlying their action, including their effects on cell migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and stemness, remain insufficiently studied.<bold>Aim.</bold> To evaluate the influence of the urokinase receptor gene <italic>PLAUR</italic> on the expression of adhesion and stemness genes, as well as on the migration of human glioma and neuroblastoma cells.<bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study utilized two human glioma cell lines, U87 and U251, and the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. To achieve the overexpression of the <italic>PLAUR</italic> gene, a non-viral plasmid was created, followed by the transfection of the cells. Relative gene expression was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. For evaluating cell migration, a Wound Healing Assay was performed, with image analysis conducted using ImageJ software and MRI Wound Healing Tool. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using GraphPad Prism v.10.<bold>Results.</bold> High expression of the urokinase receptor gene <italic>PLAUR</italic> is associated with a significant increase in cell migration and complex phenotypic changes. Specifically, in U251 glioma cells, there is an induction of the expression of the genes <italic>CD56, CDH1, CDH2, ZEB2,</italic> and <italic>SOX2.</italic> In U87 glioma cells, the expression of the genes <italic>PLAU, CD56, CDH1, ZEB1, ZEB2, SNAI1, </italic><italic>SNAI2, SOX2,</italic> and <italic>NANOG</italic> is induced, while the expression of the gene CDH2 is suppressed. In SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, there is an induction of the expression of the genes <italic>CD56, CDH1, ZEB1, ZEB2, SNAI2,</italic> and <italic>SOX2,</italic> along with a suppression of the expression of the urokinase gene <italic>PLAU</italic> compared to cells transfected with the control plasmid pGFP.<bold>Conclusion.</bold> The results highlight the complexity of the regulation of carcinogenesis processes involving the <italic>PLAUR</italic> gene and deepen our understanding of tumour biology. High expression of the PLAUR gene may enhance the activity and invasion of tumor cells by regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and altering the expression of key transcription factors.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Белки урокиназной системы, включающие сериновую протеазу – урокиназу (uPA), ее рецептор (uPAR) и ингибиторы PAI-1 и PAI-2, играют ключевую роль в биологии опухолей, влияя на клеточную пролиферацию и рост опухоли, инвазию, метастазирование и ангиогенез. Несмотря на доказанную роль этих белков в канцерогенезе многих типов опухолей, до сих пор недостаточно изучены механизмы, лежащие в основе их действия, в том числе влияние на миграцию клеток, эпителиально-мезенхимальный переход и стволовость.<bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценить влияние гиперэкспрессии гена рецептора урокиназы <italic>PLAUR</italic> на экспрессию генов адгезии и стволовости и миграцию клеток глиомы и нейробластомы человека.<bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследовании использованы 2 клеточные линии глиомы человека (U87 и U251) и клеточная линия нейробластомы человека SH-SY5Y. Для гиперэкспрессии гена <italic>PLAUR</italic> создана плазмида и проведена трансфекция опухолевых клеток. Для оценки относительной экспрессии генов использовали полимеразную цепную реакцию в реальном времени. Для оценки миграции клеток применяли тест на заживления раны (Wound Healing Assay) и анализ изображений в программе ImageJ с использованием плагина MRI Wound Healing Tool. Статистический анализ результатов выполняли с помощью программного обеспечения GraphPad Prizm v.10.<bold>Результаты.</bold> Высокая экспрессия гена рецептора урокиназы <italic>PLAUR</italic> сопряжена с существенным повышением миграции клеток и сложными фенотипическими изменениями в клетках глиомы U251 c индукцией экспрессии генов <italic>CD56, CDH1, CDH2, ZEB2, SOX2</italic>; в клетках глиомы U87 c индукцией экспрессии генов <italic>PLAU, CD56, CDH1, ZEB1, ZEB2, SNAI1</italic>, <italic>SNAI2, SOX2, NANOG</italic> и подавлением экспрессии генов <italic>CDH2</italic>; в клетках нейробластомы SH-SY5Y с индукцией экспрессии генов <italic>CD56, CDH1, ZEB1, ZEB2, SNAI2, SOX2</italic> и подавлением экспрессии гена урокиназы <italic>PLAU</italic> по сравнению с трансфицированными контрольной плазмидой pGFP клетками.<bold>Заключение.</bold> Полученные результаты подчеркивают сложность регуляции процессов канцерогенеза с участием гена <italic>PLAUR</italic> и углубляют наше понимание биологии опухолей. Высокая экспрессия гена <italic>PLAUR </italic>в клетках опухоли усиливает их миграцию за счет индукции экспрессии генов <italic>SNAI1/2</italic> и <italic>ZEB1/2</italic> – ключевых транскрипционных факторов, инициирующих эпителиально-мезенхимальный переход.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urokinase receptor</kwd><kwd><italic>PLAUR</italic></kwd><kwd>uPAR</kwd><kwd>glioma</kwd><kwd>neuroblastoma</kwd><kwd>epithelial-mesenchymal transition</kwd><kwd>cell migration</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рецептор урокиназы</kwd><kwd><italic>PLAUR</italic></kwd><kwd>uPAR</kwd><kwd>глиома</kwd><kwd>нейробластома</kwd><kwd>эпителиально-мезенхимальный переход</kwd><kwd>миграция клеток</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The development and expansion of plasmids, as well as work with tumor lines, were carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Lomonosov Moscow State University (assignment No. 03p-23/110-03). Molecular biological research (polymerase chain reaction) and assessment of the migration activity of tumor cells were carried out using the funds of the strategic academic leadership program «Priority 2030» of the I. Kant Baltic Federal University.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Разработка и наращивание плазмиды, а также работа с опухолевыми линиями выполнены в рамках государственного задания ФГБОУВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова» (задание № 03р-23/110-03). Молекулярно-биологические исследования (полимеразная цепная реакция) и оценка миграционной активности опухолевых клеток выполнены на средства программы стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет 2030» ФГАОУ ВО «Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semina E.V., Rubina K.A., Shmakova A.A. et al. 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