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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Успехи молекулярной онкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-805X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">818</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2313-805X-2025-12-3-78-99</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Features of cancer-testicular antigen genes transcriptional activity regulation in gastric cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности регуляции транскрипционной активности генов раково-тестикулярных антигенов при раке желудка</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-3733</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutilin</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутилин</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis Sergeevich Kutilin</p><p>63 14th Line St., Rostov-on-Don 344037, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денис Сергеевич Кутилин </p><p>Россия, 344037 Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, 63</p></bio><email>k.denees@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3061-6108</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kit</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кит</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>63 14th Line St., Rostov-on-Don 344037, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 344037 Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, 63</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-3903</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>63 14th Line St., Rostov-on-Don 344037, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 344037 Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, 63</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chalkhakhyan</surname><given-names>L. Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чалхахян</surname><given-names>Л. Х.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>63 14th Line St., Rostov-on-Don 344037, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 344037 Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, 63</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3867-4532</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dashkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дашков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>63 14th Line St., Rostov-on-Don 344037, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 344037 Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, 63</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-7143</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malinin</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малинин</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>63 14th Line St., Rostov-on-Don 344037, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 344037 Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, 63</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaminsky</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каминский</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>63 14th Line St., Rostov-on-Don 344037, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 344037 Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, 63</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6197-7374</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shkurat</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шкурат</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya St., Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 344006 Ростов-на-Дону, ул. Большая Садовая, 105/42</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Southern Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Южный федеральный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-11"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-11"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Kutilin D.S., Kit O.I., Maksimov A.Y., Chalkhakhyan L.K., Dashkov A.V., Malinin S.A., Kaminsky G.V., Shkurat T.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Кутилин Д.С., Кит О.И., Максимов А.Ю., Чалхахян Л.Х., Дашков А.В., Малинин С.А., Каминский Г.В., Шкурат Т.П.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kutilin D.S., Kit O.I., Maksimov A.Y., Chalkhakhyan L.K., Dashkov A.V., Malinin S.A., Kaminsky G.V., Shkurat T.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кутилин Д.С., Кит О.И., Максимов А.Ю., Чалхахян Л.Х., Дашков А.В., Малинин С.А., Каминский Г.В., Шкурат Т.П.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/818">https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/818</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Gastric cancer remains a serious public health problem. Cancer-testicular antigen genes (CT-genes) in gastric cancer may be promising targets for immunotherapy due to their limited expression in normal tissues. Competing endogenous RNA networks (ceRNAs) play an important role in regulating CT-gene expression in gastric cancer. These networks are complex and require comprehensive bioinformatics and experimental study.<bold>Aim.</bold> To conduct a bioinformatic analysis followed by validation of СT-gene expression and its regulation in malignant gastric tumors.<bold>Materials and methods. </bold>Data for the bioinformatics stage were downloaded from GEO. Identification of differentially expressed genes was carried out using GEO2R, microRNA targeting genes – using the Random forest machine learning method. An analysis of the interaction of microRNA and long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) was also performed. The clinical material for the experimental stage was tissues (tumor and conditionally normal) of 100 patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of gastric cancer. The relative expression values of 6 CT-genes (<italic>MAGEA10, MAGEA2, MAGEA12, MAGEA3, MAGEA6, </italic><italic>MAGEH1</italic>), as well as their targeting microRNAs and lncRNAs, were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction.<bold>Results.</bold> Using GEO2R, 18,617 differentially expressed loci were detected, including protein-coding genes, microRNA and lncRNAs. Of these, a change in the expression of 6 CT-genes was revealed – <italic>MAGEA10, MAGEA2, MAGEA12, MAGEA3, MAGEA6, </italic><italic>MAGEH1</italic>, interacting with 40 microRNAs, in turn interacting with 17 lncRNAs. In the patients tumor tissue, an increase in expression of the <italic>MAGEA10, MAGEA3</italic> and <italic>MAGEA6</italic> genes (p &lt;0.0001), a decrease in expression of miR-1207-5p, -6858-5p, -3127-3p, -3940-3p, -6807-3p, -3085-3p, -3934-5p, -4488, -4530, -6777-3p, -99a-3p (p &lt;0.0001) and an increase in expression of miR-7113-3p, miR-874-3p, as well as an increase in expression of <italic>LINC01089, AC145285.6, GAS5, </italic><italic>AC005034.3, AL691447.2</italic> (p &lt;0.001) and decreased expression of <italic>SNHG14, AC002101.1, SLC9A3-AS1</italic> and <italic>AL118506.1 </italic>(p &lt;0.001) was found. Based on the obtained data, a model of the regulatory network for CT-genes in gastric cancer was constructed.<bold>Conclusion.</bold> The study showed disturbances in the CT-genes competitively interacting RNA network in gastric adenocarcinoma. The obtained data are important for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of CT-gene regulation, as well as for improving approaches to immunotherapy (new targets and regulatory molecules) and diagnostics (new molecular markers) of this disease. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Рак желудка остается серьезной проблемой здравоохранения. Гены раково-тестикулярных антигенов (РТ-гены) при данной патологии могут быть перспективными мишенями для иммунотерапии из-за их ограниченной экспрессии в нормальных тканях. Большую роль в регуляции экспрессии РТ-генов при раке желудка играют сети эндогенных конкурентно взаимодействующих РНК (ceRNAs). Эти сети сложны и требуют комплексного биоинформатического и экспериментального анализов.<bold>Цель исследования</bold> – биоинформатический анализ с последующей валидацией экспрессии РТ-генов и ее регуляции в злокачественных опухолях желудка.<bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Данные для биоинформатического этапа исследования взяты из базы Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Идентификацию дифференциально экспрессирующихся генов осуществляли с помощью GEO2R, микроРНК, таргетирующих гены-мишени, – с использованием метода машинного обучения Random forest. Также проводили анализ взаимодействия микроРНК и длинных некодирующих РНК (lncRNAs). Клиническим материалом для экспериментального этапа исследования послужили опухолевые и условно нормальные ткани 100 пациентов с гистологически подтвержденным диагнозом «рак желудка». Величины относительной экспрессии 6 РТ-генов (<italic>MAGEA10, MAGEA2, MAGEA12, MAGEA3, MAGEA6, MAGEH1</italic>), а также таргетирующих их микроРНК и lncRNAs определяли методом полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени.<bold>Результаты.</bold> С использованием GEO2R обнаружены 18 617 дифференциально экспрессирующихся локусов, включая кодирующие белки гены, микроРНК и lncRNAs. Выявлено изменение экспрессии 6 РТ-генов: <italic>MAGEA10, MAGEA2, </italic><italic>MAGEA12, MAGEA3, MAGEA6 и MAGEH1</italic>, взаимодействующих с 40 микроРНК, которые, в свою очередь, взаимодействуют с 17 lncRNAs. В опухолевой ткани пациентов обнаружены повышение экспрессии генов <italic>MAGEA10, MAGEA3</italic> и <italic>MAGEA6 </italic>(p &lt;0,0001), снижение экспрессии miR-1207-5p, -6858-5p, -3127-3p, -3940-3p, -6807-3p, -3085-3p, -3934-5p, -4488, -4530, -6777-3p и -99a-3p (p &lt;0,0001), увеличение экспрессии miR-7113-3p, miR-874-3p, а также повышение экспрессии <italic>LINC01089, AC145285.6, GAS5, AC005034.3, AL691447.2 </italic>(p &lt;0,001) и снижение экспрессии <italic>SNHG14, AC002101.1, </italic><italic>SLC9A3-AS1 и AL118506.1</italic> (p &lt;0,001). На основании полученных данных построена модель регуляторной сети для РТ-генов при раке желудка.<bold>Заключение.</bold> Продемонстрированы нарушения в сети конкурентно-взаимодействующих РНК РТ-генов при аденокарциноме желудка. Полученные данные имеют большое значение для понимания фундаментальных механизмов регуляции РТ-генов, а также для совершенствования подходов к иммунотерапии (новые мишени и регуляторные молекулы) и диагностики (новые молекулярные маркеры) этого заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gastric cancer</kwd><kwd>gene transcriptional activity regulation</kwd><kwd>network of competitively interacting RNA</kwd><kwd>expression</kwd><kwd>non-coding RNA</kwd><kwd>molecular marker</kwd><kwd>immunotherapy target</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак желудка</kwd><kwd>ген раково-тестикулярного антигена</kwd><kwd>сеть конкурентно-взаимодействующих РНК</kwd><kwd>экспрессия</kwd><kwd>некодирующая РНК</kwd><kwd>молекулярный маркер</kwd><kwd>мишень иммунотерапии</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ilic M., Ilic I. Epidemiology of stomach cancer. 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