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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Успехи молекулярной онкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-805X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">838</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2313-805X-2026-13-1-62-71</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">High <italic>MUC16</italic> gene expression levels as a potential prognostic and predictive marker in ovarian cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Повышенный уровень экспрессии гена <italic>MUC16</italic> как потенциальный прогностический и предиктивный маркер рака яичников</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6242-6037</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nurgalieva</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нургалиева</surname><given-names>Алсина Камиловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Biomarker Research Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательская лаборатория «Биомаркер», Институт фундаментальной медицины и биологии</p></bio><email>alsina.nurgalieva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8474-8195</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzin</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузин</surname><given-names>Константин Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kuzin_konstantin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5082-9883</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fetisov</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фетисов</surname><given-names>Тимур Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>timkatryam@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6341-0897</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyazev</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князев</surname><given-names>Ростислав Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sluwba@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3345-5680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nevzorova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Невзорова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Biomarker Research Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательская лаборатория «Биомаркер», Институт фундаментальной медицины и биологии </p></bio><email>kiyamova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9710-8178</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakubovskaya</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якубовская</surname><given-names>Марианна Геннадиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mgyakubovskaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8599-6833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirsanov</surname><given-names>К. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирсанов</surname><given-names>Кирилл Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kkirsanov85@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2547-2843</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiyamova</surname><given-names>R. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киямова</surname><given-names>Рамзия Галлямовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Biomarker Research Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательская лаборатория «Биомаркер», Институт фундаментальной медицины и биологии </p></bio><email>kiyamova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-12"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Nurgalieva A.K., Kuzin K.A., Fetisov T.I., Knyazev R.I., Nevzorova T.A., Yakubovskaya M.G., Kirsanov К.I., Kiyamova R.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Нургалиева А.К., Кузин К.А., Фетисов Т.И., Князев Р.И., Невзорова Т.А., Якубовская М.Г., Кирсанов К.И., Киямова Р.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nurgalieva A.K., Kuzin K.A., Fetisov T.I., Knyazev R.I., Nevzorova T.A., Yakubovskaya M.G., Kirsanov К.I., Kiyamova R.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нургалиева А.К., Кузин К.А., Фетисов Т.И., Князев Р.И., Невзорова Т.А., Якубовская М.Г., Кирсанов К.И., Киямова Р.Г.</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/838">https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/838</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction.<bold> </bold>The development of chemoresistance is a key factor limiting the efficacy of ovarian cancer therapy. Although high MUC16 gene expression levels in tumors are a known adverse prognostic factor, its role in predicting response to specific chemotherapeutic agents remains understudied. This led to the hypothesis that the adverse prognostic value of MUC16 expression levels may be mediated by its contribution to the development of chemoresistance.</p> <p>Aim.<bold> </bold>To evaluate the association between MUC16 gene expression levels and <italic>in vitro </italic>resistance to standard chemotherapy agents, including carboplatin, cisplatin, and paclitaxel, as well as key clinicopathological characteristics (BRCA1/2 mutation status, platinum sensitivity) and progression-free survival in patients with ovarian carcinoma.</p> <p>Materials and methods. Tumor samples were obtained from 35 patients with ovarian malignancies, predominantly high-grade serous carcinoma. MUC16 gene expression levels were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Tumor cell chemoresistance was assessed in vitro in primary cultures using a resazurin metabolic assay, followed by the calculation of the resistance index (Resistance Sensitivity Index, RSI) for each drug. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman’s rank correlation analysis, the Mann–Whitney U test, and the<italic> log-rank</italic> test.</p> <p>Results. High MUC16 gene expression levels were associated with shortened progression-free survival (p = 0.0437). A statistically significant positive correlation was identified between MUC16 gene expression levels and the paclitaxel RSI (R = 0.3614; p = 0.0388). However, no associations were found with the RSI for platinum-based drugs. Furthermore, no relationship was established between MUC16 gene expression levels and BRCA1/2 mutation status (p = 0.8180) or the platinum sensitivity/resistance status of the tumors (p = 0.2899).</p> <p>Conclusion. High MUC16 gene expression levels are associated with reduced progression-free survival and paclitaxel resistance, suggesting its potential as an unfavorable prognostic and predictive marker. Thus, determining MUC16 gene expression levels prior to therapy may have clinical potential for disease prognosis and for identifying patients for whom taxane-based treatment will likely be ineffective.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Введение. Развитие химиорезистентности является ключевым фактором, ограничивающим эффективность терапии рака яичников. Несмотря на то что высокий уровень экспрессии гена MUC16 в опухоли служит неблагоприятным прогностическим фактором, его роль в предсказании ответа на различные химиотерапевтические агенты остается недостаточно изученной. Это послужило основанием для предположения, что неблагоприятная прогностическая роль уровня экспрессии данного гена может быть опосредована его вкладом в формирование химиорезистентности.</p> <p>Цель исследования – оценить связь уровня экспрессии гена <italic>MUC16</italic> с результатами тестирования резистентности к стандартным химиопрепаратам <italic>in vitro</italic>, включающим карбоплатин, цисплатин и паклитаксел, а также с ключевыми клинико-патологическими характеристиками (статус мутаций в <italic>BRCA1/2</italic>, платиночувствительность) и выживаемостью без прогрессирования у пациенток с карциномой яичников.</p> <p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включены образцы опухолей 35 пациенток со злокачественными новообразованиями яичников, преимущественно с серозной карциномой высокой степени злокачественности. Уровень экспрессии гена MUC16 определяли методом количественной полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени. Химиорезистентность опухолевых клеток оценивали in vitro на первичных культурах с помощью резазуринового метаболического теста с последующим расчетом индекса химиорезистентности (resistance sensitivity index, RSI) для каждого препарата. Для статистического анализа применяли корреляционный анализ Спирмена, непараметрический U-критерий Манна–Уитни и log-rank-тест.</p> <p>Результаты. Продемонстрировано, что высокий уровень экспрессии MUC16 ассоциирован с сокращением времени до прогрессирования заболевания (p = 0,0437). Выявлена статистически значимая положительная корреляция экспрессии MUC16 с RSI к паклитакселу (R = 0,3614; p = 0,0388). При этом ассоциаций с RSI к препаратам платины обнаружено не было. Не установлено также связи экспрессии гена MUC16 с мутациями в BRCA1/2 (p = 0,8180) и платиночувствительностью/платинорезистентностью опухолей у пациенток с карциномой яичников (p = 0,2899).</p> <p>Заключение.<bold> </bold>Высокий уровень экспрессии MUC16 ассоциирован с сокращением времени до прогрессирования заболевания и с резистентностью к паклитакселу, что может характеризовать его как неблагоприятный прогностический и предиктивный маркер. Таким образом, определение уровня экспрессии MUC16 до начала терапии может иметь клинический потенциал для установления прогноза заболевания и выявления пациенток, у которых применение таксанов может оказаться неэффективным.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ovarian cancer</kwd><kwd>MUC16</kwd><kwd>chemoresistance</kwd><kwd>paclitaxel</kwd><kwd>predictive marker</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак яичников</kwd><kwd>MUC16</kwd><kwd>химиорезистентность</kwd><kwd>паклитаксел</kwd><kwd>предиктивный маркер</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with the infrastructural support of the Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program (“Priority-2030”).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при инфраструктурной поддержке Программы стратегического академического лидерства ФГАОУ ВО «Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет» («Приоритет-2030»).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Jelovac D., Armstrong D. 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