Advances in Molecular OncologyAdvances in Molecular OncologyУспехи молекулярной онкологии2313-805X2413-3787Publishing House ABV Press84010.17650/2313-805X-2025-12-4-62-72REVIEW ARTICLESОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИReview ArticleEpstein–Barr virus and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: сurrent view at the problem. Part 1. Epstein–Barr virus and its propertiesВирус Эпштпейна–Барр и рак носоготки: современный взгляд на проблему. Часть 1. Вирус Эпштейна–Барр и его свойстваhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1840-4364GurtsevitchV. E.ГурцевичВ. Э.
Russian Federation
gurtsevitch-vlad-88@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8915-8274SenyutaN. B.СенютаН. Б.
Russian Federation
gurtsevitch-vlad-88@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6209-977XSmirnovaK. V.СмирноваК. В.
Russian Federation
gurtsevitch-vlad-88@yandex.ruResearch Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of RussiaНаучно-исследовательский институт канцерогенеза ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава РоссииN.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РоссииRussian Peoples’ Friendship UniversityФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»1412202512462721312202513122025Copyright ©; 2025, Gurtsevich V.E., Senyuta N.B., Smirnova K.V.Copyright ©; 2025, Гурцевич В.Э., Сенюта Н.Б., Смирнова К.В.2025Gurtsevich V.E., Senyuta N.B., Smirnova K.V.Гурцевич В.Э., Сенюта Н.Б., Смирнова К.В.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/840

Almost the entire population of the planet is infected with the Epstein–Barr virus. Infection occurs in childhood and, as a rule, without any clinical manifestations in infected individuals. At the same time, having a transformation potential, the virus, in the presence of unfavorable factors, can become involved in the pathological process leading to the development of a tumor. The study of the properties of EBV and the conditions for the manifestation of its oncogenic potencies represents an important branch of the science of oncogenic viruses and human tumors of viral origin.

Aim. To summarize and systematize literature data, including those that have appeared recently and devoted to the study of EBV, the first human oncogenic virus.

The work was carried out based on the analysis of published works, the search for which was carried out in the databases Web of Science, Scopus, eLibrary, PubMed, Russian Index of Science Citation (RISC), etc.

The review provides a brief history of the discovery of EBV, describes its structural organization, analyzes the transmission routes and EBV circulation in the body, analyzes the types of latency and functions of latent virus genes, and also provides a spectrum of EBV-associated neoplasms of lymphoid and epithelial origin. Particular attention was paid to nasopharyngeal carcinoma, risk factors for its occurrence and the role of EBV in the carcinogenesis.

Вирусом Эпштейна–Барр (ВЭБ) инфицировано практически все население планеты. Заражение происходит в детском возрасте и, как правило, без каких-либо клинических манифестаций у инфицированных лиц. В то же время, обладая трансформирующим потенциалом, при наличии неблагоприятных факторов ВЭБ может включиться в патологический процесс, приводящий к развитию опухоли. Изучение свойств этого вируса и условий проявления его онкогенного потенциала представляет важный раздел науки об онкогенных вирусах и опухолях человека вирусного происхождения.

Цель работы – обобщение и систематизация данных литературы, посвященных изучению ВЭБ – первого онкогенного вируса человека.

Проанализированы публикации по теме, поиск которых осуществляли в базах данных Scopus, Web of Science, eLibrary, PubMed, Российский индекс научного цитирования (РИНЦ) и др. В первой части обзора представлены краткая история открытия ВЭБ, его структура, пути передачи и циркуляция в организме, типы латенции и функции латентных генов вируса, а также приведен спектр ВЭБ-ассоциированных новообразований лимфоидного и эпителиального происхождения. Особое внимание уделено раку носоглотки, факторам риска его возникновения и роли ВЭБ в канцерогенезе.

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