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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Успехи молекулярной онкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-805X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">842</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2313-805X-2025-12-4-91-99</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">P-glycoprotein activation as a mechanism of drug resistance to carfilzomib in multiple myeloma cells</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Активация Р-гликопротеина как механизм лекарственной устойчивости к карфилзомибу клеток множественной миеломы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0236-2796</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherkasova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черкасова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>n.i.moiseeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8839-5881</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Laletina</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лалетина</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>n.i.moiseeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalabina</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калабина</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>n.i.moiseeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5651-1454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Scherbakova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербакова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>n.i.moiseeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6697-7154</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Moiseeva</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моисеева</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>n.i.moiseeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-13"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-13"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Cherkasova A.I., Laletina L.A., Kalabina K.V., Scherbakova E.A., Moiseeva N.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Черкасова А.И., Лалетина Л.А., Калабина К.В., Щербакова Е.А., Моисеева Н.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Cherkasova A.I., Laletina L.A., Kalabina K.V., Scherbakova E.A., Moiseeva N.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черкасова А.И., Лалетина Л.А., Калабина К.В., Щербакова Е.А., Моисеева Н.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/842">https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/842</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction</bold>.<bold> </bold>Carfilzomib (CFZ) is a second-generation proteasome inhibitor and serves as a constant component of multiple myeloma recurrence therapy. However, the mechanisms of development of resistance to CFZ have not been sufficiently studied.</p> <p><bold>Aim</bold>. To investigate the mechanisms of development of CFZ resistance in multiple myeloma cells.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>.<bold> </bold>The study was performed in 2 multiple myeloma cell lines: АМО-1 and its CFZ-resistant subline АМО-1/CFZ. Cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated using the MTT assay, gene expression levels using real-time polymerase chain reaction. To evaluate protein expression, flow cytometry and western blot were used. Protein location was determined using immunocytochemistry, interaction with P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was evaluated using rhodamine accumulation assay.</p> <p><bold>Results</bold>.<bold> </bold>We have obtained a cell subline АМО-1/CFZ which was 46-fold more resistant to CFZ than initial cell line АМО-1. Genes of proteasome subunits did not change significantly compared to АМО-1. We have determined that CFZ is a substrate for P-gp and promotes its expression at the levels of messenger RNA and protein. Concurrent treatment of АМО-1/CFZ cells with nontoxic concentrations of P-gp inhibitor elacridar and CFZ led to complete restoration of sensitivity to this proteasome inhibitor. Activity of YB-1 protein, one of the possible transcription factors of P-gp, did not change in the resistant subline АМО-1/CFZ.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold>.<bold> </bold>Therefore, P-gp hyperexpression mediates CFZ resistance in АМО-1/CFZ cells. However, molecular mechanisms leading to P-gp hyperexpression remain unknown.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>.<bold> </bold>Карфилзомиб (CFZ) – ингибитор протеасом II поколения – является постоянным компонентом терапии рецидивов множественной миеломы, однако механизмы возникновения резистентности к нему мало изучены.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – изучение механизмов формирования лекарственной устойчивости к CFZ в клетках множественной миеломы.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>.<bold> </bold>Исследование проводили на двух клеточных линиях множественной миеломы: АМО-1 и ее резистентной к CFZ сублинии АМО-1/CFZ. Цитотоксичность соединений определяли с помощью МТТ-теста, уровень экспрессии генов – с использованием полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени. Для оценки экспрессии белков применяли проточную цитометрию и вестерн-блоттинг. Локализацию белков определяли с помощью иммуноцитохимического метода, взаимодействие соединений с Р-гликопротеином (P-gp) оценивали в ходе опытов по выбросу родамина.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>.<bold> </bold>Мы получили сублинию клеток АМО-1/CFZ, которая была в 46 раз устойчивее исходных клеток АМО-1 к CFZ. Гены субъединиц протеасом в АМО-1/CFZ изменялись мало по сравнению с АМО-1. Мы определили, что CFZ является субстратом P-gp и способствует повышению его экспрессии на уровне как матричной РНК, так и белка. Совместное воздействие на клетки АМО-1/CFZ нетоксичных концентраций ингибитора P-gp элакридара и CFZ привело к полному восстановлению чувствительности клеток к этому ингибитору протеасом. Активность белка YB-1 – одного из возможных транскрипционных факторов P-gp – не менялась в устойчивой сублинии АМО-1/CFZ.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>.<bold> </bold>Таким образом, за устойчивость к CFZ в клетках АМО-1/CFZ отвечает гиперэкспрессия Р-gp. Однако остается открытым вопрос о молекулярных механизмах, приводящих к гиперэкспрессии Р-gp.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multiple myeloma</kwd><kwd>carfilzomib</kwd><kwd>P-glycoprotein</kwd><kwd>proteasome inhibitors</kwd><kwd>proteasome β-subunit genes</kwd><kwd>YB-1 protein</kwd><kwd>elacridar</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>множественная миелома</kwd><kwd>карфилзомиб</kwd><kwd>Р-гликопротеин</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы протеасом</kwd><kwd>гены β-субъединиц протеасом</kwd><kwd>белок YB-1</kwd><kwd>элакридар</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>24-25-00491</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Zhou X., Xu R., Wu Y. et al. 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