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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Успехи молекулярной онкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-805X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">88</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2313-805X-2017-4-1-46-52</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Detection of gene mutations in genome “hot” spots: “hairpin” amplicons in DNA melting analysis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Выявление мутаций в «горячих» участках генома: ампликоны-«шпильки» в методе плавления ДНК</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratova</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратова</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Botezatu</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ботезату</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelepov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелепов</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lichtenstein</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лихтенштейн</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>alicht@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НИИ канцерогенеза ФГБУ «Российский онкологический научный центр им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-04-18"><day>18</day><month>04</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2017-04-18"><day>18</day><month>04</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Kondratova V.N., Botezatu I.V., Shelepov V.P., Lichtenstein A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Кондратова В.Н., Ботезату И.В., Шелепов В.П., Лихтенштейн А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kondratova V.N., Botezatu I.V., Shelepov V.P., Lichtenstein A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кондратова В.Н., Ботезату И.В., Шелепов В.П., Лихтенштейн А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/88">https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/88</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by DNA melting analysis with TaqMan probes effectively reveals mutations in the human genome “hot” spots. The necessity to carry out PCR in the asymmetric variant causes, however, a number of restrictions of this method: 1) an inability of quantitative estimates of gene copy numbers; 2) the need for 2 independent PCR tests for detection of mutations in both complementary strands of an amplicon (this approach improves reliability and sensitivity of the analysis); 3) the complication of PCR design and decrease in efficiency of amplification. Overcoming these restrictions was possible by means of symmetric PCR with primers containing the specific and universal sequences: the single-stranded “hairpins” (sense and antisense) are not capable to anneal with each other, but they can hybridize independently with 2 TaqMan probes present in the reaction mixture. The proposed approach allows quantitative and qualitative characterization of a DNA sample (the copy number estimates as well as mutation scanning of both complementary amplicon strands).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Амплификация с последующим плавлением ДНК с зондами TaqMan эффективно выявляет мутации в «горячих» участках генома. Однако необходимость проводить полимеразную цепную реакцию (ПЦР) в асимметричном варианте обусловливает ряд ограничений этого метода: 1) невозможность количественного анализа из‑за снижения эффективности амплификации; 2) необходимость выполнения 2 независимых ПЦР для выявления мутаций в комплементарных нитях ампликона; 3) усложнение дизайна ПЦР. Преодоление этих ограничений оказалось возможным при использовании в симметричной ПЦР комбинированных праймеров, состоящих из универсальной и специфической последовательностей: образующиеся в результате однонитевые «шпилечные» (hairpin) ампликоны (sense и antisense) не способны ренатурировать друг с другом, но независимо гибридизуются с присутствующими в среде зондами TaqMan (antisense и sense соответственно). Разработанный способ позволяет в одном тесте получить количественные (число копий) и качественные (наличие мутаций в обеих нитях ампликона) характеристики исследуемого участка ДНК.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mutation scanning</kwd><kwd>DNA melting analysis</kwd><kwd>TaqMan probes</kwd><kwd>KRAS</kwd><kwd>“hairpin” amplicons</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сканирование мутаций</kwd><kwd>плавление ДНК</kwd><kwd>зонды TaqMan</kwd><kwd>KRAS</kwd><kwd>«шпилечные» ампликоны</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Prior I.A., Lewis P.D., Mattos C. A comprehensive survey of Ras mutations in cancer. Cancer Res 2012;72(10): 2457–67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prior I.A., Lewis P.D., Mattos C. A comprehensive survey of Ras mutations in cancer. 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