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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Molecular Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Успехи молекулярной онкологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-805X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-3787</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">882</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2313-805X-2026-13-3-52-67</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prospects for protecting normal tissues during chemotherapy of malignant tumors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Защита нормальных тканей при химиотерапии злокачественных опухолей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3167-7204</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belitsky</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белицкий</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mgyakubovskaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8599-6833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirsanov</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирсанов</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mgyakubovskaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5082-9883</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fetisov</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фетисов</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mgyakubovskaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4443-8376</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Solenova</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соленова</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mgyakubovskaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9710-8178</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakubovskaya</surname><given-names>Marianna G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якубовская</surname><given-names>Марианна Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mgyakubovskaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-08-04"><day>04</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, ABV-Press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-Press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/882">https://umo.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/882</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article presents research data aimed at exploiting the advantages of normal cells integrated into the body’s system in chemotherapy for malignant tumors, compared to tumor cells that lose their connection with its regulatory systems during progression. Publications from the biomedical literature databases SciVerse Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Russian Science Citation Index were analyzed. Information from 70 publications, including <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo </italic>experimental data, as well as clinical studies, was used, 22 of which were published over the past five years. The possibility of harnessing the phagocytic activity of resident macrophages by supersaturating them with phagocytized particles containing an adsorbed protective agent, such as folic acid, which is an antidote to methotrexate is considered. As a result, resident macrophages of the hematopoietic organs and intestines create a long-term protective depot, allowing the use of high doses of methotrexate. In cases of using encapsulated forms of chemotherapeutic agents, which are taken up by macrophages and dramatically reduce their circulation time in the bloodstream, blocking their phagocytic capacity with similarly loaded particles is proposed. This will, on the one hand, increase the capsule circulation time in the bloodstream, and, on the other, allow for the combined action of the first drug with a second, for example, methotrexate. Since the activity of some important xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymatic systems, particularly cytochrome P450, is partially or completely lost by tumor cells during their dedifferentiation, the use of transport forms of protective agents that are activated by these enzymatic systems in normal cells and inaccessible to tumor cells is proposed. Another advantage of normal cells is that the action of low doses of cytostatics on checkpoints stops their proliferation, unlike tumor clone resistant to the cytostatic agent. These clones will continue to divide and become selectively susceptible to mitotic toxins. Thus, the use of multilevel mechanisms of protection of normal tissues in antitumor chemotherapy is relevant for increasing the safety and effectiveness of treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье представлены данные исследований, направленных на использование в химиотерапии злокачественных опухолей преимуществ нормальных клеток, интегрированных в систему организма, перед опухолевыми, утрачивающими в ходе прогрессии связь с его регулирующими системами. Проанализированы результаты работ из информационных баз биомедицинской литературы SciVerse Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Российский индекс научного цитирования. Использована информация 70 статей, включающих данные экспериментов <italic>in</italic><italic> </italic><italic>vitro</italic> и <italic>in</italic><italic> </italic><italic>vivo</italic>, а также клинических исследований, 22 из которых опубликованы в течение 5 последних лет. Рассмотрена возможность использования фагоцитарной активности резидентных макрофагов путем перенасыщения их фагоцитируемыми частицами с адсорбированным защитным препаратом, например фолиевой кислотой, которая является антидотом метотрексата. В результате резидентные макрофаги кроветворных органов и кишечника создают долговременное защитное депо, позволяющее использовать высокие дозы метотрексата. В случае использования инкапсулированных форм химиопрепаратов, которые захватываются макрофагами и резко снижают время их циркуляции в кровотоке, предлагается блокада фагоцитарной способности такими же нагруженными частицами. С одной стороны, это увеличит время циркуляции капсул в кровотоке, а с другой – даст возможность сочетать действие первого препарата со вторым, например с метотрексатом. Поскольку активность некоторых важных ферментных систем, метаболизирующих ксенобиотики, в частности цитохрома Р450, частично или полностью утрачиваются опухолевой клеткой в процессе ее дедифференцировки, предлагается использовать транспортные формы защитных препаратов, активируемых этими системами в нормальной клетке и недоступных опухолевой клетке. Еще одно преимущество нормальных клеток состоит в том, что действие малых доз цитостатика на контрольные точки останавливает их пролиферацию в отличие от клеток опухоли, резистентных к данному цитостатику. Эти клоны будут продолжать делиться и станут избирательно доступными к действию митотических ядов. Таким образом, использование в противоопухолевой химиотерапии механизмов многоуровневой защиты нормальных тканей актуально для повышения безопасности и эффективности лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>malignant tumor</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>protective drug</kwd><kwd>phagocytosis</kwd><kwd>nanopreparation</kwd><kwd>cytochrome P450</kwd><kwd>cyclotherapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>злокачественная опухоль</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>защитный препарат</kwd><kwd>фагоцитоз</kwd><kwd>нанопрепарат</kwd><kwd>цитохром Р450</kwd><kwd>циклотерапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>25-15-00432</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 25-15-00432).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 25-15-00432).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tyulandin S.A. 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