Features of mitochondrial genes copy numbers and microRNA transcripts in endometrial adenocarcinoma and fibroids patients blood plasma

Introduction. The development of malignant tumors of the uterine body is influenced by many factors, including disturbances in the mitochondrial genome. Abnormalities in the regulation of the mitochondrial genome lead to a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation, as well as inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. To develop effective minimally invasive methods for diagnosing endometrial adenocarcinoma and fibroids, screening of molecular markers in blood plasma is necessary. Such markers may be the gene copy number and the levels of microRNA transcripts. These indicators are sufficiently stable in the extracellular environments of the human body, including blood plasma.
Aim. Тo identify molecular minimally invasive differential markers for endometrial adenocarcinoma and fibroids.
Materials and methods. Laboratory studies of the gene copy number and the levels of microRNA transcripts were carried out using real-time polymerase chain reaction in the blood plasma of 26 patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma, 14 fibroids patients and 20 conditionally healthy women.
Results. Statistically significant differences (p <0.05) were found in the copy number of the HV2 and MT-ND1 genes, as well as in the levels of microRNA transcripts hsa-miR-122-5p and hsa-miR-7106-5p in patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma and fibroids, in patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma and conditionally healthy women. In the blood plasma of patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma, the copy number of HV2 and MT-ND6 was lower by 1.5 (p <0.005) and 1.4 (p <0.05) times, respectively, compared to the level in patients with fibroids, and 1.5 times lower than the level in conditionally healthy women. In the blood plasma of patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma, the levels of microRNA transcripts hsa-miR-122-5p (p <0.005) and hsa-miR-7106-5p (p <0.005) was lower by 8.9 and 3.9 times, respectively, relative to the levels in patients with fibroids. In the blood plasma of endometrial adenocarcinoma patients, the levels of hsa-miR-143-5p, hsa-miR-122-5p and hsa-miR-7106-5p microRNA transcripts was 2.1 (p <0.005), 10.8 (p <0.005) and 5.2 (p <0.005) times lower, respectively, than the levels in conditionally healthy women.
Conclusion. The obtained data on differential differences in the copy number of HV2, MT-ND1, the levels of hsa-miR-122-5p and hsa-miR-7106-5p microRNA transcripts in the blood plasma of patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma and myoma have significant potential for improving minimally invasive diagnostics of these diseases.