The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of exosomal proteins in breast cancer

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Abstract

Exosomes are membrane vesicles 30–150 nm in size released by cells upon fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. A distinctive feature of these vesicles is the presence of the surface tetraspanins CD9, CD63, and CD81. The Rab family of small GTPases, including Rab27A and Rab27B, controls various steps in exosome release, including transport of multivesicular bodies and fusion of the multivesicular body to the plasma membrane. It is commonly accepted to date that exosomes are the main carriers of information between cells under physiological conditions, such as mammary development and lactation, and under pathological conditions, such as breast cancer. This review considers the peculiarities of exosome formation, secretion and transport, their composition and role in normal and breast cancer, as well as the prospects for using these vesicles to develop early non-invasive diagnostics and improve the effectiveness of anti-tumor therapy.

About the authors

A. A. Shefer

Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University

Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5369-397X

8 Akademika Lavrent’eva Prospekt, Novosibirsk 630090; 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090

Russian Federation

Ya. A. Frik

Novosibirsk State University

Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0390-6580

2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090

Russian Federation

S. N. Tamkovich

Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: s.tamkovich@g.nsu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7774-943X

Svetlana N. Tamkovich.

8 Akademika Lavrent’eva Prospekt, Novosibirsk 630090; 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090

Russian Federation

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СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС 77 - 57560 от  08.04.2014.